Uko u Rwanda rwagiye rwaguka
Nk’uko
amateka y’u Rwanda abigaragaza,u Rwanda
rwabanje kuba isibaniro ry’impugu zisaga kuri 29,buri gihugu
kikagira Umwami
wacyo n’Ingoma –Ngabe yacyo. Buri gihugu cyagiraga
amatwara yacyo ashingiye ku
kubumbatira ubusugire bw’igihugu n’abaturage bacyo,
bityo ugasanga ibihugu
byose bihora birwana ishyaka ryo gutsinda amahanga bihana imbibi.Buri
gihugu
cyagiraga ikimenyetso ndangamimerere gikesha ukubaho
kw’Abaturage bacyo
nk’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Ibindi
bihugu (bitari u Rwanda rwa Gasabo
),imikorere yabo yari iyo kwagura ibihugu byabo bakoresheje uburyo bwo
gukonda
amashyamba,hanyuma bakabona aho batura n’aho bahinga.Ni
ukuvuga ko Umuryango
w’Abakonde aba n’aba iyo wagiraga umwete wo gukonda
ishyamba ,nawo wabonaga
ubutaka bunini bwo guturamo.Bamara kugwira ,bakarema Igihugu cyabo
cy’Ubwoko
bwabo n’umuryango wabo bakagira Umwami wabo
n’Ingoma –Ngabe yabo.
Ingoma
–Ngabe y’u Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo, niyo
yadukanye amatwara yo kwigarurira ibindi bihugu, ikoresheje uburyo bwo
kurwana
.Icyo gihe intwaro bitwazaga zari, amacumu, imiheto, imyambi, inkota,
ingabo
n’ibindi.Bityo uwo muco ukomeza gukwira no mu bindi bihugu
utyo.
Contents
I. Inkomoko
y’Izina “RWANDA “
Ijambo
“Rwanda” ryaba rituruka ku nshinga ya kera
“KWANDA” bivuga gukwira hirya no
hino. Izina “Rwanda” riranga ahantu urisanga mu
ntara ya Busoga iri mu
burasirazuba bwa Uganda, kimwe no muri Ankole. Mu gihugu cyacu rero
hakaba
Rwanda rwa Binaga ho mu Rweya (Mutara), Rwanda rwa Gasabo (banahita
Rwanda rwa
Ndanyoye) iri muri Komini Gikomero, hari na Rwanda rwa Kamonyi (Komini
Taba),
ndetse hari na Rwanda yo mu bya Kalemi (Zayire) mu burengerazuba
bw’ikiyaga cya
Tanganyika. Havugwa ko Abanyiginya bagitangira kwigarurira ibihugu,
umusozi batsinze
wose wazaga usanga Rwanda (rwa Gasabo). Aho kuri Rwanda ngo niho
babyariye
(biciye) imfizi ya Gihanga y’Ubwami Rugira,
n’insumba yayo Ingizi. Ngiyo rero
“Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo”, ngo bavuga gutyo
umutima w’Umunyiginya ugatengurwa
n’ibyishimo. Ndetse bakongeraho ngo “Rwanda rwa
Gasabo, urwo mvuga mvumera
iwacu”. Mbese ni mu ngobyi y’ubwami
bw’Abanyiginya.Kwitwa iryo zina kw’Igihugu
cy’I Gasabo,bikaba byaravuye ahanini ku ngufu zakoreshejwe
n’Abami b’icyo
gihugu mu kucyagura.Aho akaba ari naho havuye inyito yamamaye hose ngo
“u
Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo “
Iryo zina
ry’u Rwanda ryakomotse kuri RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu
w’1312 kugeza mu
w’1345,ubwo yari atangiye kugaba ibitero byo kwigarurira
ibindi bihugu ahereye
ku gihugu cy‘ i Gisaka.Umwuzukuru we KIGELI I MUKOBANYA
wabayeho ahasaga mu
w’1378 kugeza mu w’1411, yagabye igitero mu
Bwanacyambwe .Nuko yica Umwami waho
witwaga NKUBA YA NYABAKONJO ,niko kuhita KIGALI byo kubereka ko
abarushije
isumbwe agahita akuraho izina ryabo.Kigali nabyo bivuga
“Igihugu cyagutse
kikanda impande zose,kikaba kigali” bitewe no kwigarurira
ibihugu by’ibituranyi
igihugu cy’I Gasabo kikarushaho kwaguka.Kwitwa Kigali
,ntibyakuyeho kuba mu
Bwanacyambwe,ariko byakuyeho inyito “Kigali yo mu
Bwanacyambwe “ hitwa “Mu
Bwanacyambwe bwa Kigali “.Kuva icyo gihe,ndavuga guhera muri
icyo kibariro
nyine ( ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu Bwimba ) niho havuye inyito yo
kuhita« RWANDA
RUGARI RWA GASABO ».
Icyo twavuga
aha, tukiri ku mateka ya Kigeli Mukobanya, nuko ariwe Mwami wa mbere
wadukanye
amatwara yo gutegeka igihugu wenyine nta bigereka.Aha bikaba bigaragara
ko we
ntawe bigeze bagabana igihugu nk’abandi Bami
b’ibihugu by’abaturanyi
by’Abahinza n’Abahima ,aho Umwami yagabanyaga
igihugu abana be cyangwa se abo
bava inda imwe.Kandi n’abandi Bami bamubanjirije,iyo bamaraga
gufata ibihugu
ntibicaga cyangwa se ngo bambure ubuyobozi abami bene igihugu.Ahubwo
babarekeraga igihugu,ahubwo bakajya bazanira amakoro
n’amaturo Abami b’I
Gasabo.Ariko we yadukanye amatwara yo kubakuraho no kubica ,ibihugu
yigaruriye
akoherezayo Umutware wo kumutwarira ako Karere.
II. Ibitero byo
kwagura Igihugu
Umwami wa
mbere wimye i Gasabo uzwi mu bitekerezo ni Ruganzu I Bwimba; icyo gihe
Gisaka
yari ikomeye kurusha u Rwanda wagerageje gutangiza igaba-bitero ryo
kwagura
igihugu , ni RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w 1312 kugeza mu
w’1345 ,igitero cya
mbere mu mateka y’ u Rwanda niwe wakigabye ,ubwo yashakaga
kwigarurira I
Gisaka.Icyo gihe yize ubucakura bwo gushyingira mushiki we ROBWA Umwami
KIMENYI
MUSAYA wo mu Gisaka,nuko aza kwiyahura kugirango atazabyara Umwami
w’I Gisaka
akazatsinda u Rwanda.Amaze kwiyahura ,Bwimba nawe ubucakura bwe
ntibwamuhira,I
Gisaka gitera u Rwanda ,ingabo z’aho ziba zimucuze
inkumbi.Uwo akaba ari nawe
Mwami wa mbere uzwi mu Mateka y’ u Rwanda kubera ibikorwa
nk’ibyo yakoze.
Umwami w’i Gisaka yari Kimenyi Musaya warongoye Robwa,
mushiki wa Ruganzu wa I
Bwimba. Ruganzu I Bwimba yishwe n’ingabo z’i
Gisaka. Bavuga ko bimaze kuba ngo
uwo Robwa yaba yarisekuye ku nkota kugira ngo umwana atwite atazavamo
umwami
w’i Gisaka. Uwo Ruganzu I Bwimba na mushiki we Robwa
babarirwa mu batabazi
bitangiye ingoma nyiginya.
U Rwanda rwa
Gasabo muri ibyo bihe rwari rukikijwe n’ibihugu bitatu
bikomeye : Ingoma
y’ I Gisaka, Ingoma y’i Ndorwa
n’iy’Ubugesera.Ibindi byari uduhugu tworoshye
tudafite amaboko menshi ku buryo bitari ibyo gutinywa, ibyo bihugu ni U
Buriza
n’ u Bwanacyambwe
Uru Rwanda rwatangiriye kwaguka mu Bwanacyambwe, mu Buganza, mu
Busarasi, mu
Buriza, no mu Busigi. Aho rumariye kwambuka Nyabarongo rugeze mu Nduga,
ingoma
zo mu Gisaka n’izo mu Ndorwa zitunyaga ibihugu byinshi byo mu
Buganza, mu
Buriza no mu Bwanacyambwe.Aho rumariye kugwiza amaboko rurwana
n’I Gisaka n’I
Ndorwa bimara igihe kirekire rushirwa ruhatsinze.Dore uko amateka
y’ibitero byo
kwagura igihugu akurikirana.
Igitero
kigaruriye u Buriza
Nyuma
y’aho
Ruganzu I Bwimba abimburiye Abami b’u Rwanda gutera ibitero
byo kwagura
igihugu, hakurikiyeho CYILIMA I RUGWE ,niwe wateye igitero kibasiye
Ingoma y’U
Buriza yategekwaga n’Ibikomangoma by’Abongera bo mu
bwoko bw’Abasinga.Igihugu
bategekaga cyari kigizwe n’intara z’ U BUMBOGO
bwahoze bwitwa u BUSARASI (muri
Komini Musasa,Rushashi na Tare ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka
Rulindo.Cyari kigizwe na none n’UBURIZA nyirizina (muri
Komini Rutongo ,Mugambazi
na Shyorongi ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo . Umurwa
Mukuru w’u
Buriza wari Nyamitanga ho kuri Jari
Icyo gitero
kibasiye cyane Umwami w’U Buriza MUGINA, nuko Rugwe ashirwa
amucuze inkumbi.
Ingabe yabo BUSHIZIMBEHO Abanyarwanda barayinyaga.Ingoma
y’uBuriza izima ityo,
abatware n’abaturage b’izo mpugu bayoboka ubami
bw’I Gasabo.Icyo gitero kikaba
cyaraba ye mu Cyi cyo mu w’1345. Aha akaba ari naho havuye
imvugo igira
iti :“U BURIZA BWA GASABO “ kuko ariyo
mfura mu bihugu Ingoma y’I Gasabo
yigaruriye bwa mbere.
Igitero
kigaruriye u Bwanacyambwe
Igitero
kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bwanacyambwe cyagabwe na KIGELI I
MUKOBANYA ahasaga mu w’
1378 .Ingoma y’U Bwanacyambwe nayo yategekwaga
n’Ibikomangoma by’Abongera kimwe
n’iy’Uburiza .Ni ukuvuga ko nacyo cyayoborwaga
n’Abasinga.Igihugu bategekaga
cyari kigizwe n’intara z’ UBWANACYAMBWE nyirizina
(muri Komini
Nyarugenge,Rubungo na Kanombe ho muri Kigali ).Ubu ni mu Turere twa
Nyarugenge,Gasabo na Kicukiro .Cyari kigizwe na none
n’UBUGANZA bw’epfo (muri Komini
Murambi ,Muhazi,Mukarange na ,Rutonde ho muri Kibungo na Bicumbi ho
muri Kigali
).Ubu ni mu Turere twa Rwamagana,Kayonza na Gatsibo .Icyo gitero
cyagabwe na
MUKOBANYA cyanesheje umwami w’Ubwanacyambwe NKUBA YA
NYABAKONJOahungira I
Bugufi amaze kuneshwa.Nyuma Ingoma-Ngabe y’U Bwanacyambwe
KAMUHAGAMA nayo yaje
kunyagwa na Kigeli Mukobanya.Ingoma y’Abongera yazimye
burundu.Muri iyo myaka
ninaho habaye igitero cya mbere cy’Abanyoro (Bwari ubwami
buherereye mu
burengerazuba bw’amajyepfo bwa Uganda ),cyaje gukurikirwa
n’igitero cya kabiri
cy’Abanyoro ,ari nacyo cyatumye umuhungu we Mibambwe I
ahunga.
Itsindwa rya Nduga
U Rwanda
rumaze kwigarurira u Buriza n’u Bwanacyambwe ,bwari
busigaranye ibihugu 4
by’ibituranyi bikomeye bihangayikishije Ingoma
–Nyiginya y’I Gasabo ,muri ibyo
bihugu harimo Ingoma ya Nduga yari iherereye mu burengarazuba
bw’Ingoma y’I
Gasabo ,wambutse uruzi rwa Nyabarongo . Ubwami bwa Nduga bwari
ubw’ Ababanda ,
niyo mpamvu bakundaga kuhita mu Nduga y’Ababanda.Ingoma
–Ngabe yabo yari “NYABIHINDA
“.Nduga y’Ababanda nacyo cyari igihugu kinini kandi
gikomeye mu bihe byo ha
mbere.Nduga ngari yari ibumbye Perefegitura ya GITARAMA yose uko
yakabaye(Muhanga,Kamonyi,Ruhango) ukongeraho Komini Nyabisindu,Shyanda
,Ntyazo
na Muyira ho muri Butare( mu Karere ka Nyanza n’ agace gato
ka Huye ).Kugirango
Umwami w’u Rwanda yigarurire igihugu gikomeye gityo habaye
ubucakura bwo mu
rwego rwo hejuru.Dore uko byagenze
MIBAMBWE I
SEKARONGORO I MUTABAZI I amaze kwima ingoma ahasaga mu w’1411
kugeza mu w’1444,
yihatiye kwigaruria Nduga y’Ababanda iranga imubera
ibamba.Bigera naho Nduga
igaba ibitero byambuka Nyabarongo .MASHIRA WA NKUBA YA SABUGABO
wategekaga
Nduga amaze kunanirana ,Mibambwe I yigiriye inama yo kugirana nawe
imimaro
(amasezerano yo kutarwana ),biremezwa Mashira ahamya ubwami bwa
Nduga.Nyuma
yaho imishyikirano yarakomeye,haziraho no gushyingirana.Nuko Mashira
arongora
NYIRANTORWA umukobwa wa Mibambwe I ,naho Mibambwe I arongora BWIZA bwa
Mashira
budashira irora n’irongorwa (icyo nicyo cyari igisingizo cye
) ndetse na
GAHINDIRO ka Mibambwe I arongora NYANKERI ya Mashira (Babaye abasanzire
na se
).
Nyuma
y’ubwo
busabane buvanzemo n’amayeri ya Politiki ,niho hadutse
igitero cya kabiri
cy’Abanyoro.Mibambwe I yagerageje kwitabaza UBugesera Gisaka
na Nduga,ibyo
bihugu byanga kumutabara.Nuko Mibambwe abonye ko asumbirijwe ,kandi u
Rwanda
rwe rumaze gusibama ,ahitamo guhunga,ahungana n’ingabo
,abaturage ndetse
n’amatungo,berekeza I Bushi (Bukavu y’ubu ).Ubwo
Abanyoro bateye n’I Gisaka
,ariko ntibyakomera ,batera u Bugesera ,umwami SANGANO w’u
Bugesera
arahagwa.Bakurikiranye Mibambwe ,ariko bagenda intage ,udusigisigi
twabo dutura
mu majyepfo y’I Nduga .
Mibambwe I
n’Abanyarwanda baza kumva ko CWA I ,umwami
w’Abanyoro yapfuye,barahuguka.Mu
ihunguka rye Mibambwe yagiye asubira mu maraso ye igihe yahungaga,ajya
kwagira
Sebukwe akaba n’umukwe we Mashira wari utuye I Nyanza muri
icyo gihe.Mashira
rero yaje gusanganira Sebukwe ntacyo yikeka,arazimana.Igihe kigeze
hagati
,baramufata Mibambwe I aramwica ,afatanyije na MUNYANA wavaga inda imwe
na
Mashira kwa se wabo,amutsinda aho ngaho I Nyanza.Ibyo kwa Mashira
birarimbuka
,Nduga itsindwa itsinzwe noneho.
3.1. Ibyatumye Nduga itsindwa
Ukwirara hamwe n'ikizere ngo kiraza amasinde. Mu by'ukuri bivanze
n'ubupfayongo.
Dore nawe, Mashira ntiyari abuze ingabo zikomeye kandi nyinshi, ariko
we
yahugiye mu byo kubana neza no gushyingirana, mu gihe Mibambwe I hamwe
n'abagaragu be (ngo abenshi bari Abasinga) bo bari bagamije politiki,
iyi
idatinya kwigarurira ibihugu. Ubugambanyi bwa Munyanya. Munyanya yavaga
indimwe
na Mashira mwa se wabo; yifatanyije na Mibambwe I mu kwica Mashira.
3.2. Inkurikizi ku itsindwa rya Nduga
Inkurikizi z’itsindwa rya Nduga ni intambwe ikomeye cyane mu
mateka y'u Rwanda.
Ibyo byatumye u Rwanda rubona aho ruhera hagaragara, rutera utundi
duhugu.
Nduga yari isanganywe ubutegetsi bufututse, bukomeye.
Abanyanduga
bakomeje gushyamirana n'abanyiginya. Uburangare ntibwabaye ubwa bose.
Mu
bitongero by'imihango bagerageje kunga Nduga n'abayigaruriye bavuga
ngo:
"tuza... nk'inono y'Abasindi na Kibanda". Ni ukuvuga ngo: worohe
nk'ifu y'inono ihuza Abasindi (ni ukuvuga Abanyiginya) na Kibanda
y'Ababanda.
Mu by'ukuri ngo no mu by'1930, Ababanda bo mu Nduga bari bagicyurirana
n'Abanyiginya. Naho incyuro z'Abanyiginya ari hamwe n'Abasinga
zigaragarira mu
bisigo byo ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira bibwirwa Muhabura, umusizi
w'umubanda.
Hari
Ababanda benshi batotejwe, maze bamwe mu batarapfuye barahunga bagana
mu
Buriza, mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda n'ahandi. Hari abimukanye amazina
y'aho
baturutse: Marangara (muri Komini Nyamutera) Jenda (muri Komini Nkuri);
hari na
Jenda bimukanye mu Bunyambiriri (Gikongoro).
Nduga yabaye
umutima w'u Rwanda rw'Abanyiginya, abami barahikunze baharema imirwa
myinshi,
nyuma ibitero byinshi byakwiriye impande zose z'u Rwanda rw'icyo gihe,
byitwaga
ko bigabwe n'Abanyenduga
Abanyanduga
banze kwibagirwa Mashira wabo, baramuterekereye, bararimba bamushyira
mu mubare
w'imandwa. Nyamara ngo yaba yari igihangange gishishikajwe no kwagura
igihugu
no kugitegeka neza.
U
Bwanacyambwe bwigaruriwe n'Abagesera b’Abazirankende,
Mibambwe I amaze guhunga
Abanyoro no kwica Mashira yatuye mu Nduga. U Bwanacyambwe bwari
bwarometswe ku
Gisaka mu gihe cy'abami bane bo mu Rwanda: Yuhi II Gahima, Ndahiro II
Cyamatare, Ruganzu II Ndori, Mutara Semugeshi. Icyo gihe cyose, urubibi
rw'i
Gisaka rwari umugezi wa Nyabugogo n'uruzi rwa Nyabarongo mu majyaruguru
y'u
Bwanacyambwe. Byageza n'aho umwami w'i Gisaka, Kimenyi II Shumbusho,
aza gutura
ku murwa wa Kigali. Abami b'u Rwanda babonye ko badafite amaboko yo
kurwanya
Gisaka, barekera iyo kugeza kuri Kigeri II Nyamuheshera (mu by'1770).
3.3.Inkurikizi,
nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa Mibambwe I Sekarongoro
Yuhi II Gahima bakunze kumuranga bamusingiza ngo :
“Yuhi ryo mu Karambo ka
Rukore” (aho ni mu Busigi, hakurya ya Rulindo). Bavuga ko se
Mibambwe I wari
utuye i Remera ryo mu Buriza hateganye n’u Busigi ari ho,
yari atungiye Shetsa
umugore we w’inkundwakazi, yageze aho akajya mu Karambo ka
Rukore, akarongora
Matama ya Bigega ariko rwihishwa. Nibwo Matama uwo abyaye Gahima wabaye
Yuhi
II. YUHI II GAHIMA mwene Mibambwe I na MATAMA YA BIGEGA , wategetse
ahasaga mu
w’1444 kugeza mu w’1477, yatangiye ashimangira
ubutegetsi bwa Se mu Nduga yari
asize yigaruriye.Hanyuma yatangiye kugaba ibitero byo kunyaga inka
n’abagore mu
burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda agera I Nzaratsi mu Nyantango na
Bwishaza ndetse no
mu Rusenyi ho mu Karere ka Karongi.Aho hose ariko bara murwanyije
ntiyahamara
kabiri .Mu burasirazuba yateye u Buganza bwa Ruguruhafi yo mu Mubari ho
mu
Ngoma y’I Gisaka ,mu majyepfo atera u Bungwe ,ariko
ntibyamuhira.
Yuhi II
Gahima amaze gutanga ,abana be barwanira ingoma ,banga kuyoboka NDAHIRO
II
CYAMATARE wari umaze kwima ingoma asimbuye Se ahasaga mu
w’1477 kugeza mu
w’1510.U Rwanda rucikamo ibice bibiri :Igikomangoma
JURU ,yigarurira igice
cyi hakuno ya Nyabarongo ( u Buriza ),naho uburengerazuba buyoboka
Ndahiro
.Juru amaze gupfa ,Igikomangoma BAMARA ashaka gusimbura mukuru we Juru
.Kugirango abigereho ,yiyemeza gutatira abavandimwe,yitabaza Nsibura
Nyebunga
umwami w’Umushi wari umaze kwigarurira Ijwi.Ndahiro Cyamatare
,yagize amakenga
akomeye cyane ,ahita afata Igikomangoma NDOLI wagombaga gusimbura se ku
ngoma
amuhungishiriza kwa Nyirasenge NYABUNYANA wabaga I Karagwe .Kugirango
hato
umuryango we utazashira ,u Rwanda rukabura Umwami.
Nsibura
Nyebunga atera uRwanda rwa Ndahiro Cyamatare, urugamba
rw’injyanamuntu
rwabereye muri Komini Kibilira ( ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngororero )
Ndahiro II
Cyamatare arugwamo ahitwa Rugarama ,yambutse umugezi wa Kibilira,Ingoma
–Ngabe
Rwoga ababisha barayinyaga .Ubwo u Rwanda rwasaga n’urugiye
kuzima ,ruzize
amacakubiri yo kurwanira Ingoma .
Mu gihe u
Rwanda rwari rugeze aharindimuka ,uwitwa KAVUNA KARYANKUNA yemeye
kwitangira
igihugu ,agenda ararika abantu b’ingenzi bari hirya no hino
bamufasha kujya
gushaka uwakura uRwanda ahabi.Aza kugera iKaragwe ,atekerereza Ndoli
aho
abundiye (Guhunga k’umwami byitwa kubunda ) uko u Rwanda
rwononekaye,amubwira
ko hari abiteguye kumwakira.Ubwo Ndoli yarabundutse (guhunguka
k’Umwami )
yambuka Akagera,ariko asiga abwiye Abasare ngo ntibambutse Kavuna wari
wasigaye
inyuma.Ni naho havuye Insigamigani ngo :”Yarushye
uwa Kavuna “Kuko
yaruhiye igihugu ,ariko Ndoli amuhemukira atyo.Ndoli araza yima ingoma
y’ I
Rwanda ,afata izina rya Ruganzu II Ndoli.
Ibitero bya
Ruganzu II Ndoli
RUGANZU II
NDOLI, abundutse akigera i Rwanda, yahise akomeza ingoma ye
y’ubwami.Ku Ngoma
ye yihutiye kwihimura ku bihugu byazengereje u Rwanda kugeza ubwo
bibundishije
umwami warwo.Ndoli yabaye umwami w’ikirangirire mu mateka
y’ u Rwanda, akaba
ari nawe Mwami wa mbere watangiye kugaba ibitero byinshi byo kwagura
igihugu.
Ruganzu yari
afite ingabo zitwa « IBISUMIZI
»Wari umutwe w’ingabo ze, zari
intwari zikabije kurwana, ku buryo Ruganzu yigaruriye amahugu abikesha
Ibisumizi.Dore Itonde ry’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe Ruganzu Ndoli
yigaruriye :
4.1. Igitero cyatsinze u Bunyabungo
Igitero cya mbere cya Ndoli yakigabye mu Buyabungo bwa Ntsibura Nyebuga
(Bukavu
y’ubu) wapfakaje u Rwanda ku ngoma ya Se Ndahiro Cyamatare
.Intego ya Ruganzu
yari iyo guhashya U Bunyabungo akabugusha ruhabo.Ahera ku mpugu
z’umweya w’i
Kivu uteganye n’Ijwi nyuma naryo ararinesha.Icyo gihe yica
Nsibura Nyebunga
umwami w’u Bunyabungo yihimura atyo.
4.2. Igitero cyatsinze u Bugara
Ruganzu Ndoli arakomeza atera NZIRA YA MURAMIRA Umwami w’u
Bugara wari
waratabaye Nsibura atera Ndahiro, nibwo amucuze inkumbi Abasizi
bamuririmba
bamwita Cyambara-Ntama, cyigaruriye u Bugara. Ingoma ya BUGARA
yategekwaga
n’Abami b’Abacyaba,Icyo gihe anyaga Ingabe yabo
RUGARA Ingoma ya BUGARA
yategekwaga n’Abami b’Abacyaba.Icyo gihugu
kikabumba ibihugu bikikije ibiyaga
bya Burera na Ruhondo (Komini Ruhondo na Cyeru byo mu Ruhengeri ).Ubu
ni mu
Karere ka Burera.Kigashora muri Mukungwa na Base (muri Komini
Kigombe,Nyakinama
na Nyamutera ).Ubu ni mu Karere ka Musanze.Kikarenguka mu Ndorwa
y’u Bushengero
no mu Bufumbira.Muri utwo turere harimo akagiye mu Gihugu
cy’Ubugande.
4.3. Igitero cyatsinze u Buhoma
Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyigeze agoheka na mba ! yarakomeje atera
ibihugu
bituranye n’u Bugara yari amaze kwigarurira.Ntiyatingiganyije
ahera ku Ngoma
y’u Buhoma Abami b’icyo gihugu ni Ababanda
b’Abahinza. Babarizwaga muri Komini
Nyamutera ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke).Ako gahugu
ntikanamugoye
kuk kari na gato cyane,icyo gihe agahindura umusaka ,anyaga inka
,abagore
n’abana. Ingoma –ngabe yabo NKANDAGIYABAGOME
,arayinyaga. Ingoma y’u Buhoma
izima ityo
4.4. Igitero
cyatsinze u Bukonya
Ruganzu
Ndoli arakomeza atera n’u Bukonya .Abami b’icyo
gihugu ni Ababanda.Babarizwaga
muri Komini Gatonde ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke) ari
naho hari
umurwa mukuru wabo.Aho ho hakaba harabaye isibaniro kubera ko Ingabo
z’u Buhoma
zari zahungiye muri icyo gihugu, zifasha iza Bukonya .Ingabo za Ndoli
ziranga
zirabahashya, igihugu gihinduka amatongo. Ingoma –ngabe zabo
RUBUGA na
RUVUGAMAHAME nazo barazinyaga .Ingoma y’u Bukonya izima ityo.
4.5. Indunduro y’ Ingoma ya Kibali
Ubusanzwe Ingoma ya Kibali yabarizwaga muri Komini Nyarutovu ho mu
Ruhengeri
(ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke) umurwa mukuru wabo wari I Gihinga cya
Nyarutovu
.Umwami w’Ingoma ya Kibali, GAKERI ka MUKEMBA amaze kumva ko
Ruganzu Ndoli
yazengereje ibihugu by’ibituranyi, we yiyemeje kwitanga kuko
igihugu cye cyari
gito gifite n’amaboko make ku buryo kitari guhangana
n’Inkuke nka Ndoli.Ikindi yashakaga
kurwanho ni abaturage b’igihugu cye ,kugirango badatwarwaho
iminyago
,bakazagirwa abacakara imyaka myinshi,kuko we byagaragaraga ko amaze
gusaza.
Icyo gihe yize ubucakura bwo gusanganira Ruganzu azanye
n’Ingabo ze, ahita
amugaragariza ko aje kumufasha gutsinda Ingoma y’u
Bukonya.Urugamba rwararemye
koko Ingoma y’u Bukonya iratsindwa.
Ibyo
gutsinda u Bukonya birangiye ,Gakeri ka Mukemba umwami wa Kibali yigira
inama
y’ingenzi,asaba Ruganzu Ndoli umwami w’u Rwanda ko
bagirana imimaro ,icyo gihe
Ruganzu ntiyazuyaza arabyemera.Gakeli ka Mukemba agiye gutanga ,yatanze
itegeko
-hame ko Umuhungu we MUTAJABUKWA wari ugiye kumusimbura ku Ngoma
,agomba
kuyoboka Ruganzu ,nta yandi mananiza.Mutajabukwa nawe yumvira inama za
se agira
amakenga cyane kuko nawe yari mu ngabo zashyize mu bikorwa amayeri ya
Se yo
kujya gufasha Ruganzu gutsinda Abakonya,nuko ayoboka Ruganzu,nawe amuha
Ubutware bwo gutwara Kibari yose ,areka icyubahiro cy’u
bwami.Ingoma ya Kibali
nayo isenyuka ityo.
Inkurikizi
yabayeho ,nuko Abanyakibali bose bishimiye ubutegetsi bwa Ruganzu,nabo
babuyoboka bivuye inyuma,kuko Umwami wabo yari yabibakanguriye.
MUTAJABUKWA
nawe acengera ubutegetsi bwa Ruganzu cyane ku buryo yabaye inkoramutima
ye yo
mu Rwego rwo hejuru.KuNgoma zakurikiyeho Umwuzukuru wa Ruganzu Ndoli
ariwe
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, yabagororeye ko Abakobwa babo (ABEGAKAZI )
aribo
bagomba kuzajya bavamo Abagabekazi.Iryo tegeko rirahama kugeza ku
ndunduro y’I
ngoma ya cyami.
4.6. Igitero
cyatsinze u Bunyambilili
Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyagohetse yigarurira u Bunyambiriri bwa GISURERE
cy’i Suti ho
muri Komini Musange muri Superefegitura ya Kaduha (mu Karere ka
Gisagara)
Ingoma y’u Bunyambiriri nayo yari iy’Abarenge bo mu
muryango w’Abahima bakomoka
kuri Rurenge sekuruza wabo, bakaba bari abo mu bwoko
bw’Abasinga. Ubwami bw’u
Bunyambiriri bwari buherereye muri Komini Musebeya, Muko na Karambo byo
ku
Gikongoro (Mu Karere ka Nyamagabe) Ndetse no mu Karere
k’Itabire ho ku Kibuye
(ubuni mu karere ka Karongi). Amaze gutsinda u Bunyamblili agerekaho
n’u
Bwanamukari bwo muri Butare ,yica Nyakarashi w’i Zivu ho muri
Komini Shyanda(
ubu ni mu Karere ka Gisagara ) yica na Mpandahande w’i
Ruhande ahubatse
Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda,arakomeza atera Nyaruzi Umwami
w’i Burwi amutsinda mu
Mukindo wa Makwaza ho muri Komini Kibayi (ubu ni mu Karere ka
Gisagagara ).
Ingoma-Ngabe yabo “NKUNZURWANDA »
barayinyaga, Ingoma y’Abarenge izima
ityo.
4.7. Igitero cyatsinze u Bugoyi
Ruganzu Ndoli ntiyanyurwa, yogoga imanga n’impinga
z’u Rutsiro, yigarurira u
Bugoyi, Abami b’icyo gihugu bari Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri
Komini Kanama na
Cyanzarwe ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Rubavu). Icyo
NYAMWISHYURA. Icyo
gihe anyaga Ingoma-ngabe yabo NYAMWISHYURA. Ingoma y’u Bugoyi
nayo izima ityo.
4.8. Igitero
cyatsinze u Bwishaza
Ruganzu Ndoli agaba igitero simusiga atera Budaha n’u
Bwishaza bw’Abahima
bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza w’Ingoma yabo .Abami
b’icyo gihugu bari
Abasinga. Nibo baba baradukanye amasuka n’inyundo .Bari
bafite imitarimba
bafukuzaga amariba y’inka zabo .Amariba maremare yo mu Rwanda
rwo hambere nibo
bayafukuye. Bakunze kuvuga ko Ingoma y’Ubudaha
n’Ubwishaza yari nini
cyane,igizwe na Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Kibuye (mu Turere twa
Nyabihu,Rutsiro,Karongi, na Ngororero) Mu zindi ntara twavuga,izo muri
Cyangugu
arizo BIRU (Komini Gafunzo na Cyimbogo )mu karere ka Nyamasheke,CYESHA
(Komini
kirambo ) mu karere ka Karongi.Mu majyaruguru ,hari BWITO,BYAHI ,na
KARUMONGI
muri KONGO.Icyo gihe Ndoli yica JENI RYA RURENGE Umwami waho ,anyaga
ingabe
yabo MPATSIBIHUGU. Ntiyatuza, arenga Ibirunga yigarurira u Bufumbira
bw’u
Bugara. ibyo bikaba ibigwi bya Ruganzu , agatsinda izina niryo
muntu !
Igitero
kigaruriye u Bungwe
Igihugu
cy’u
Bungwe cyategekwaga n’Abenengwe.U Bungwe cyari igihugu
kibumbye u BUSANZA
bw’amajyepfo (Komini Maraba,Mbazi ,Ruhashya,Shyanda zo muri
Perefegitura ya
Butare).ubu akaba ari mu Karere ka Huye.U BUFUNDU (Komini
Kinyamakara,Nyamagabe,Mudasomwa na Karama zo muri Perefegitura ya
Gikongoro).Ubu akaba ari mu Karere Ka Nyamagabe.Ingoma yabo yageraga
n’I
NYARUGURU (Komini Runyinya na Gishamvu zo muri Butare naMubuga na
Rwamiko zo
muri Gikongoro ).ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyaruguru.Yageraga kandi
n’aho bitaga
BASHUMBA-NYAKARE (Komini Kigembe na Nyakizu byo muri Butare ).Ubu ni mu
Karere
ka Gisagara.N’intara y’ u BUYENZI (komini Nshiri na
Kivu zo muri Gikongoro
).Ubu naho ni mu Karere ka Nyamagabe.
Umwami
wariho ubwo Ingoma Nyiginya y’ I Gasabo yadukaga yitwaga
RWAMBA.Akaba yari
atuye muri Nyakizu ni ukuvuga mu Karere ka Gisagara.Undi Mwenengwe
wategekaga
igihugu cye kugeza gitsindwa n’ingoma Nyiginya ni SAMUKENDE,
umugabo wa
NYAGAKECURU wo mu Bisi bya Huye
Igitero
kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bungwe cyagabwe na MUTARA I NSORO II
SEMUGESHI I (Muyenzi)
wimye I Gasabo ahasaga mu w’1543 kugeza mu
w’1576,wari Umwana w’ ikinege wa
Ruganzu II Ndoli, nuko yica umwami waho RUBUGA RWA SAMUKENDE, bica na
nyina
BENGINZAGE ariwe “Nyagakecuru “Banyaga
n’Ingabe yabo “NYAMIBANDE”, basanze
yararaye bayitera urwuma bakurizaho no kuyita
“RWUMA”.Nuko ingoma y’Abenengwe
izima ityo.
Ibitero bya
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera
KIGELI II
NYAMUHESHERA niwe Mwami wasimbuye se Mutara Semugeshi ku ngoma, akaba
yarimye
ingoma ahasaga mu w’1576 kugeza mu
w’1609.Nyamuheshera azwiho amateka menshi
yuko ariwe wasizeho amahame n’umurongo ngenderwaho
w’iyimika-Bami n’Abagabekazi
babo, anashyiraho n’amahame y’ubiru abandi bami
bamubanjirije batigeze
bagenderaho.Dore itonde ry’ibihugu Nyamuheshera yigaruriye.
6.1. Igitero
cyatsinze u Bukunzi
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera amaze kwima ingoma ya se Semugeshi ,yabanje
gushimangira
ubutegetsi bwe mu bighugu se yigaruriye ,cyane cyane igihugu
cy’u Bungwe.Nyuma
yaho nibwo afashe icyemezo cyo gutera ibihugu byari ku nkiko
z’u Bungwe ,U
Bukunzi aba ariwo aheraho.Ubusanzwe Ingoma y’ u Bukunzi nayo
yari iy’Abarenge
bo mu muryango w’Abahima bakomoka kuri Rurenge sekuruza wabo,
bakaba bari abo
mu bwoko bw’Abasinga. Ubwami bwa Bukunzi bwari buherereye
muri Perefegitura ya
CYANGUGU muri Komini ya Karengera na Nyakabuye (mu Karere ka Nyamasheke
).Ingoma –Ngabe yabo yari “NYAMUGANZA
“Nyamuheshera amaze gutera igitero cyo
kwigarurira u Bukunzi ,yarahatsinse ariko ntiyahatwara burundu ,ahubwo
abaha
ubwigenge bucagase,ni ukuvuga ko bakomeje kugengwa n’umwami
wabo ,ariko igice
kimwe cy’amakoro y’ I Bwami kikajya I Rwanda
bakomeza kujya bamusororera.Abami
b’icyo gihugu bari abavubyi bakavubira imvura u Bukunzi
n’ u Rwanda.Abami
bakurikiye Nyamuheshera nabo ntibagira icyo babikoraho babirekera uko .
Abadage
bageze mu Rwanda byarabatangaje, bituma baguyaguya umwami w’u
Bukunzi NDAGANO
RUHAGATA ngo yegukire umwami w’ u Rwanda burundu agerageze
kumugandukira, ariko
biranga,kugeza naho boherejeyo abasirikaree birananirana kugeza igihe
apfiriye
urw’ikirago mu w’1923.Ababirigi nabo basanze aruko
bimeze,bo bahisemo kohereza
igitero cy’abasirikare mu w’1924 na 1925.
NGOGA
BIHIGIMONDO, Umwami wa nyuma wa Bukunzi bamushyize muri gereza kuva mu
w’1923
kugeza mu w’1925.Muri uwo mwaka nibwo yaguye mu buroko, maze
Ababiligi begurira
u Bukunzi Abami b’u Rwanda.Nibwo bahagabira uwitwa
RWAGATARAKA aba Umutware
waho.Ingoma ya Bukunzi izima ityo.
6.2. Igitero
cyatsinze u Busozo
Ingoma ya Busozo nayo yari iy’Abarenge bo mu muryango
w’Abahima bakomoka kuri
Rurenge sekuruza wabo, bakaba bari abo mu bwoko bw’Abasinga.
Igihugu cya Busozo
nacyo cyari muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu muri Komini Nyakabuye (Agace
gato ko
mu Karere ka Nyamasheke).Nabwo bigaruriwe na Kigeri III Nyamuheshera
nabo abaha
ubwigenge bucagase nk’uko yabigenje mu bwami bwa Bukunzi.Icyo
gihugu nacyo
cyari icy’Abavubyi, umwami uherutse w’u Busozo ni
RUHINGA II.Yazunguye se
NYUNDO watanze mu w’1904.
U Busozo
nabwo bwaje kwigarurirwa n’Ababiligi bakoresheje imbaraga za
gisirikare mu
bitero bagabye bikurikiranye n’ibya Bukunzi ,ni ukuvuga mu
w’1925 kugeza mu
w’1926.Ubwo RUHINGA ntibamwica kuko yitanze mu maboko yabo
,ahubwo bamucira
ahandi,ubwami bwa Busozo nabwo babugabira Rwagataraka ngo abe umutware
waho.Nguko uko ubwami bwa Busozo bwazimye burundu.
6.3. Igitero
cyatsinze u Burera
Kigeli II
Nyamuheshera yakomeje gukaza umurego agaba n’ ibindi bitero
ku nkiko z’u Rwanda
.Muri icyo kibariro nibwo yagabye igitero yigarurira Ingoma
y’ u Burera.Abami
b’icyo gihugu bari Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini Butaro ho
mu Ruhengeri na
Mutura ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Burera). Ndetse
n’igice gito kiri
ku butaka bw’U Buganda mu Bufumbira. Ingoma-ngabe yabo
BAZARUHABAZE ijyanwaho
iminyago.Nyamuheshera niyigeze ashirwa, ahubwo yarakomeje yambuka
imipaka agera
n’inyuma y’ibirunga.Icyo gihe nibwo yigaruriye
igihugu cy’u Bufumbira n’utundi
duce turi inyuma y’ibirumnga .Ingoma y’u Burera
izima ityo.
6.4. Igitero
cyatsinze Rwankeli y’Abaguyane
Kigeli II
Nyamuheshera amaze gufata Ingoma y’u Burera ,yahise asubyamo
atera n’ I ngoma
y’ Ababanda bo mu Rwankeli y’Abaguyane. ni
Ababanda.Babarizwaga muri Komini
Kigombe na Kinigi ho mu Ruhengeri (ubu ni mu Karere ka Musanze).Icyo
urugamba
rwaho yarurwanya nk’uwitambukira ahatsinda ahatsinze Anyaga
Ingoma –ngabe yabo
NDAHAZE.Ingoma ya Rwankeli y’Abaguyane izima ityo
6.5. Igitero
cyatsinze Rwankeri y’Abalindi
Akimara
gufata Rwankeli y’Abaguyane, Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yahise
akomerezaho yinjira
no mu gihugu cya Rwankeli y’Abarindi kuko byari byegeranye,
Amateka akaba
agaragaza ko kubera kwizihirwa ku rugamba kw’Ingabo za
Ruganzu, batamenye igihe
bambukiye inkiko z’ibyo bihugu.Gusa ngo icyo babonaga
n’ingabo zivumbutse
ahantu zifite amarere n’amavamuhira zije kubarwanya, nyuma
batsinze urugamba,
niho baje gusobanukirwa aho ayo maraso mashya yavaga.
Nuko Ruganzu
atsinda Ingoma ya Rwankeli y’Abalindi.Ingoma –ngabe
yabo yitwaga KABUCE
arayinyaga.Ingoma y’Ababanda bo mu Rwankeli nayo izima ityo..
Mu gusoza amateka
ya Kigeli Nyamuheshera, twabamenyesha Ko, Abami bamukurikiye aribo:
Mibambwe II
Sekarongoro II Gisanura wabayeho ahasaga mu w’1609 kugeza mu
w’ 1642 na Yuhi
III Mazimpaka wategetse guhera mu w’1642 kugeza mu
w’1675 kimwe na Karemera
Rwaka nk’Umwami w’inzibacyuho wategetse nyuma ya
Mazimpaka , bose basimburanye
ku ngoma ,nta gihugu kizwi bongereye ku Rwanda.Mazimpaka we akaba
yarasize
amateka yuko yari Umusizi,Umusinzi ,akaba n’Umusazi.
Ibitero bya
Cyilima II Rujugira
CYILIMA II
RUJUGIRA wategetse ahasaga mu w ‘1675 kugeza mu
w’1708.Ku Ngoma ye yahuye
n’urugamba rukomeye, u Burundi, u Bugesera, i Gisaka
n’i Ndorwa, byibumbiye
hamwe ngo byagirize u Rwanda.Icyo gihe yifashishije Rubanda ,yashoboye
kwanamiza urwo rugamba maze ahigika u Burundi , atsinda i Gisaka
n’u
Bugesera.Kubera icyo gikorwa k’ikirenga yakoze cyo kurwanya
Ibihugu bine
bikomeye akabitsinda,niho havuye imvugo igira iti
« u Rwanda ruratera
ntiruterwa ».Dore uko ibitero byo ku Ngoma ye
byagenze.
7.1. Igitero
cyigaruriye Ingoma y’I Ndorwa
Cyilima
Rujugira amaze gutsinda intambara y’ urufatanye yari
yahuruje, u Burundi, u
Bugesera,i Gisaka n’i Ndorwa,agatsinda u Burundi,u Bugesera
n’i
Gisaka,byamuteye akanyabugabo ko kurushaho kwiha intego yo gutinda i
Ngoma y’i
Ndorwa. Igihugu cyo mu Ndorwa cyari icy ‘Abashambo bakomokaga
kuri Mushambo wa
Kanyandorwa I Sabugabo.Babarizwaga muuri Komini Giti, Rutare, Muhura,
Muvumba
ho muri Byumba.Ni ukuvuga ayo makomini n’uduce
tw’Umutara twose turi mu
majyaruguru y’ u Rwanda kugeza ku mupaka warwo
n’igihugu cy’ Ubugande.(ubu ni
mu Turere twa Gatsibo na Nyagatare) Babarizawaga na none muri Komini
Kivuye
,Cyumba ,Cyungo ho muri Byumba (Ubu ni mu Karere ka Gicumbi).
Kubera
urugamba yari amaze gutsinda rukomeye rw’ibyo bihugu, yahise
yoherezaga
umuhungu we w’Igikomangoma NDABARASA gutera Ndorwa .Ndabarasa
ntiyatindiganyije
aba acuze inkumbi MUSHAMBO GAHAYA I MUZORA umwami w’ I
Ndorwa.Icyo gihe
bigarurira ingabe yabo MURORWA.Ubwami bwa Ndorwa butangira kuyoboka u
Rwanda
n’impugu zayo zirimo Mpororo (ho mu Bugande), Umutara
n’Umubari, Abashambo baho
baba isanga n’ingoyi n’Abanyiginya b’I
Gasabo.Ingoma Ndorwa izima ityo.
Ikindi
cyabaye ku Ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira, nuko u Bugesera bwongeye gutera u
Rwanda
ahasaga mu w’1700, Intambara irarema , urugamba rurakomera
.Rujugira Ingabo z’u
Bugesera zimukubita umwambi yambuka Kigali ya Bwanacyambwe ,agwa I
NTORA( hariya
hubatse isoko ry ‘imbaho ku Gisozi ),arimo azamuka ajya mu
rugo rwe rwari
ruhubatse .Kubera ko Rujugira yatangiye kuri uwo musozi wa NTORA
,byatumye
awuvuma awita GISOZI ,byo kuvuga “ Igisozi kibi cyaguyeho
Umwami”.Arongera
asubyamo awuvuma agira ati “ Gisozi ,Amata make ,amagambo
menshi “. Iyo mvugo
yo kuhita Gisozi irahama na bugingo n’ubu.Nubwo urwo rugamba
rwabaye
injyanamuntu rugatuma n’Umwami atanga,Ingabo z’u
Rwanda zararutsinze.Icyo gihe
ingabo z’u Bugesera barazihashya bazambutsa Nyabarongo.Kuko
Ndabarasa Umuhungu
wa Rujugira yari amenyereye imirwano byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Kubera ko
Ingabo
z’u Rwanda zatsinze urwo rugamba biziruhije cyane,byatumye
zidakomeza
gukurikirana Ingabo z’u Bugesera zoimaze kwambuka Nyabarongo
barazihorera ,muri
icyo kibariro ntabwo u Bugesera bwongeye kwigerezaho ngo butere u
Rwanda.
Ibitero bya
Kigeli III Ndabarasa
Cyilima
Rujugira ,amaze gutanga ,yasimbuwe n’umuhungu we KIGERI III
NDABARASA,ni
ukuvuga ahasaga mu w’1708 kugeza mu
w’1741.Ndabarasa ntabwo gutegeka byamugoye
cyane ,kuko yari yarabyitoje cyane ,akimara kugimbuka .Kuko
n’ubundi yari azi
ko azasimbura se ku Ngoma, nk ‘uko amabanga
y’Ubwiru yari ari.Aha
twakwibukiranya ko ariwe ,wateye igitero kigaruriye Ndorwa
y’Abashambo n’
Ingabe yaho Murorwa.Ndabarasa akimara kwima Ingoma ya se ,yihutiye
gushimangira
ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda mu Ndorwa, ibisigisigi
by’Abashambo bari bigometse igihe
bumvaga ko u Bugesera bwongeye gutera u Rwanda ,aragena abikuraho
Ubutegetsi
bw’u Rwanda bushimangirwa butyo mu Ndorwa.
8.1. Igitero
cyigaruriye Ingoma y’ u Rweya (Mubali)
Muri icyo
kibariro, hari akarere kamwe k’I Ndorwa kari karayiyomoyeho
karema Ingoma yako
,ako gace niko kitwaga “MUBARI “ ariko kari kagize
Ingoma y’ u RWEYA.Icyo
gihugu cyategekwaga n’Abami b’Abazigaba baje
baturutse mu ntara z’ikiyaga cya
Vigitoriya, bityo hakaba hari ahandi hatuye abazigaba benshi
nk’I Karagwe muri
Tanzaniya.Umwami wategekaga Abazigaba mu mwaduko w’ingoma
Nyiginya yari KABEJA,
umwami wo mu RWEYA (Mubari: Komini Ngarama).Ubu ni mu Karere ka
Gatsibo.
Ndabarasa
nako yafashe umugambi wo kukigarurira akoresheje amayeri
nk’ayo Mibambwe I
Sekarongoro yakoresheje atsinda Mashira Umwami w’
iNduga.Yabanje gushyingira
Umukobwa we NYABUGONDO,Umwami w’u Mubari ariwe BIYORO .Icyo
gihe amutera ari ku
manywa y’ihangu ari kumwe n’ingabo ze zikoreye
inzoga mu Ntango nyinshi
,n’amaturo atagira ingano ,bitwaje ngo aje gutura umukwe
we.Igihe ibirori bya
byizihiye ,bigeze I gati , nibwo Ndabarasa yeguye icumu rye
aritanganika
nk’ugiye kwivuga ,aba aritikuye Biyoro mu Gituza. Ingabo za
Ndabarasa nazo zari
ku Karubanda zanyoye zahaze zirimo guhiga uko ziri butsinde
urugamba,abandi
bakagirango nuko zasinze .Icyo gihe hahise humvikana umuborogo ,ibyari
ibirori
bihinduka induru.Ingabo za Ndabarasa zishokana akavuyo nkizije gutabara
,ziroha
mu Batware n’abandi bakomeye bari mu birori zirabica
zirabamara.Ndabarasa
atahana umukobwa we Nyabugondo amushyingira abandi .Anyaga Ingoma
–Ngabe yabo
SERA Ingoma y’Abazigaba bo mu Rweya ,izima ityo.
Igitero
cyigaruriye Ingoma y’u Bugesera
Kigeli
Ndabarasa amaze gutanga yasimbuwe n’ umuhungu we MIBAMBWE III
MUTABAZI II
SENTABYO, ni ukuvuga ahasaga mu w’1741 kugeza mu
w’1746.Mutabazi Sentabyo yima
Ingoma, u Rwanda rwari rusigaranye ibihugu bibiri bikomeye btari
biruhangayikishije, ibyo bihugu ni U Bugesera n’i Gisaka
cy’
Abazirankende.Akimara kwima Ingoma yihatiye gutera igihugu
cy’u Bugesera.
U Bugesera
bwari igihugu cy’imigina n’ibishanga
by’imifunzo n’ibiguhu biciyemo imigende
n’ibinamba by’amasanzure y’Akanyaru
n’Akagera.Abami btegekaga u Bugesera bari
Abagesera. Cyari igihugu kirimo ikiyaga cya Mugesera ari naho iryo zina
ryakomotse.Naho imfizi y’I Bwami yitwaga RUSHYA .Kikaba
cyaritwaga u Bugesera
bw ‘Abahondogo .Igihugu cy’u Bugesera kigizwe na
komini Kanzenze, Ngenda na
Gashora ho muri Kigali (ubu ni mu Karere ka Bugesera).
Nuko
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo yiyemeza gutera Igihugu
cy’u Bugesera cyari
gituwe n’Abahondogo , icyo gihe yica Umwami waho NSORO IV
NYAMUGETA,anyaga n’
Ingabe yaho RUKOMBAMAZI.Kubera ko intambara yo kwigarurira u Bugesera
yashojwe
na Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo ,yabaye icyorezo cyane hapfuye
Abahondogo
benshi,Abahondogo nyabo basigaye mu Rwanda ni mbarwa.Icyo twabibutsa
aha, nuko
mu itsinwa ry’u Bugesera ,hari igice cyagiye ku
Burundi.Ingoma y’Abahondogo
iganzwa ityo.
Ibitero cyo ku
Ngoma ya Yuhi IV Gahindiro
YUHI IV
GAHINDIRO yabaye Umwami w’igitangaza wamamaye cyane mu
kwimakaza amahoro
n’ubwisanzure ,haba mu Rwanda ,no mu Ku ngoma ya YUHI IV
GAHINDIRO ,nta bitero
byinshi u Rwanda rwigeze rugaba mu Mahanga,usibye ko barwanyije
Abashiru nabwo
aruko babendereje ,u Rwanda rugakurizamo no kuhatsinda
rukahigarurira.Icyo gihe
rufatiraho no gutsinda u Bwami bwa BUGAMBA-KIGAMBA n’Ingoma
ya KINGOGO.Ikivugwa
ku ngoma ye nuko nta muntu yigeze yica, nkuo ihame rya Cyami ryari iryo
kwica
no gukiza.Reka turebere hamwe uko ibyo bitero byagenze
10.1. Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma y’ u Bushiru
Ku ngoma ya
YUHI IV GAHINDIRO yateye igitero kimwe rukumbi ariko ari
icy’ibihugu bitatu
byari byifatanyije ngo byagirize u Rwanda.Icyo gitero nicyo kigaruriye
Ubwami
bw’ u Bushiru bwategekwaga n’Abami
b’Abagesera,ingoma-ngabe yabo NKUNDABASHIRU
nayo barayitsemba ntiyongera kuvugwa ukundi.Aho bari batuye habarizwa
muri
komini Karago (Mu Karere ka Nyabihu ).Ubundi amateka akaba agaragaza ko
inkomoko yabo ari iyo mu Bagesera b’Abazirakende bo mu
Gisaka.
Igihugu
cy’u
Bushiru cyari igihugu gikaze cyane nubwo cyari gito cyarangwaga
n’imirwano
ikaze y’ibihe byose .Umwami w’ u Rwanda
wahigaruriye YUHI IV GAHINDIRO, nta
rugo na rumwe yahashyize, n’abo yohereje kumuhagararira nabo
nta wigeze ahatura
kuko bahatinyaga cyane kubera ubugome bwabo buvanze n’uburozi
bukaze. U Rwanda
rumaze kwadukwamo n’Abazungu, mu mwaka w’1924,
Ababiligi niho bategetse
Nyangezi kujya kubatwarira u Bushiru we na Musinga babwomekaho U
Bwanamwali.Ingoma –Ngabe RUGORUHINDINGOMA y’u
Bwanamwali na NKUNDABASHIRU y’ u
Bushiru zizima zityo.
10.2.
Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma ya Bugamba
-Kigamba
Ubusanzwe
Igihugu cya Bugamba -Kigamba cyari icy’ Abagesera
b’Abahinza. Babarizwaga muri
Komini Kibirira ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu).Ingoma
–ngabe
yabo ikitwa KAYENZI, nyuma yaho yaje kuba IRAVUMERA ku Ngoma ya
NKWAKUZI I
RUVUGAMAKE ,ari nawe Mwami wa nyuma w’icyo gihugu. Bitewe
nuko Ubwami bw’u
Bushiru bwari buturanye neza n’ubwa Bugamba-Kigamba, Umwami
w’icyo gihugu
yagiye gufasha u Bushiru gutera u Rwanda,aha birumvikana ko Gahindiro
yagombaga
kurwana yatsinda igihugu kimwe n’ikindi kikaba gitsinzwe
.Koko rere niko
yabigenje.Icyo gihe Umwami w’icyo gihugu Nkwakuzi I
Ruvugamake niwe wivuganywe
n’Ingabo za Gahindiro rugikubita.Aho Gahindiro amaroye gufata
u Bushiru,anyaga
IRAVUMERA Ingoma –Ngabe ya Bugamba –Kigamba .Ingoma
y’icyo gihugu izima ityo.
10.3.
Igitero cyigaruriye Ingoma ya Kingogo
Ingoma ya Kingogo
yabarizwaga muri komini Satinsyi na Gaseke ho muri Gisenyi (ubu ni mu
Karere ka
Nyabihu) . Umurwa mukuru wabo wari I Hindiro na Kabuye muri
Satinsyi.Abami
b’aho bakaba bari Abazigaba b’Abahinza. Igitero
cyahashije Ubwami bwa Kingogo
ni kimwe n’icyafashe Ingoma y’u Bushiru
n’iya Bugamba-Kigamba .Kuko Nkuko
twabibonye mu gitero u Bushiru bwagabye mu Rwanda ,bwari bwifatanyije
n’Ingabo
z’ubwami bwa Kingogo n’ubwa Bugamba- Kigamba .Icyo
gihe amaze gufata izo ngoma
zombi ,yahise akomerezaho afata n’ubwami bwa Kingogo.Anyaga
Ingoma –ngabe yabo
SIMUGOMWA.Ingoma ya Kingogo izima ityo.
Igitero
cyigaruriye Ingoma y’I Gisaka
Ubusanzwe I
Gisaka cyari icy’Abazirankende cyarimo impugu eshatu: MIGONGO
y’iburasirazuba
(Komini Rukira na Rusumo ho muri Kibungo) Ubu ni mu Karere ka
Kirehe.GIHUNYA
rwagati (komini Kigarama, Kabarondo na Birenga ho Muri Kibungo) ubu ni
mu
Karere ka Kayonza na Ngoma, MIRENGE y’ iburengerazuba (Komini
Sake na Mugesera ho
muri Kibungo) .ubu ni mu Karere ka Ngoma.
Igitero
kigaruriye Ingoma y’i Gisaka cyagabwe na MUTARA II RWOGERA,
wategetse ahasaga
mu w’1830 kugeza mu w’1853. Abami b’icyo
gihugu bari Abagesera. Umwami uzwi
cyane mu mateka y’I Gisaka n’uwitwa RUGEYO
ZIGAMA.Ariko amaze gutanga abahungu
be MUSHONGORE NA NTAMWETE basubiranyemo barwanira ingoma.Mushongore
yitabaza
umwami w’u Rwanda Mutara II Rwogera,Ntamwete Rwogera amucura
inkumbi aramwica
yigarurira atyo I Gisaka.Yigarurira n’ Ingoma
–Ngabe yaho RUKURURA.U Rwanda
ruba rutsinze igitego cyo kwigarurira ibihugu bikomeye byari bituranye
narwo
aribyo :u Bugesera,Nduga,Ndorwa n’I Gisaka.Icyo
gitero cyabaye mu Ndunduro
y’Ingoma ya Rwogera ahasaga mu w’1850 ,icyo
yanongeyeho ku Rwanda igice gito
cy’ubataka bwa Kalagwe. Ingoma y’Abazirankende yari
yarazengereje u Rwanda
imyaka myinshi izima ityo.
Rwogera
kandi yabashije gukumira igitero u Burundi bwari bwagabye mu mvejuru,mu
gitero
bise “Igitero cya Rwategana “.Ibyo akaba aribyo
bigwi by’Umwami Mutara III
Rwogera wajengereje I Gisaka ,kugeza ubwo akigaruriye.
Ingoma ya Kigeli
IV Rwabugili
Mutara
Rwogera yasimbuwe ku Ngoma n’Umuhungu we KIGELI IV RWABUGILI,
amateka akaba
agaragza ko Rwogera yari yaramubyaranye n’umugore wa mukuru
we Nkoronko. Uwo
mwami yimye akiri muto (hagati y’imyaka irindwi
n’icumi) ni yo mpamvu ibitero
by’ibanze ari nyina Nyirakigeri Murorunkwere wabiyoboraga. Ku
ngoma ye habaye
ibitero byinshi, ahanini byari bigamije guhamya ubutegetsi ahari
haraguwe vuba,
dore ingero : Ijwi, Ndorwa, Gisaka. Ikindi ibyo bitero byari
bigamije ni
ukwagura u Rwanda no kunyaga inka n’abaja.
Bimwe mu
by’ingenzi biranga ingoma ye ni ibi : gukaza
intambara zo kurengera no
kwagura u Rwanda (yakundaga intambara, ku buryo mu bisingizo bye harimo
icy’”Inkotanyi cyane” na
“Rukayababisha”, gutunganya ubutegetsi
bw’igihugu : imirwa hirya no hino, kudatinya kwica
abakomeye kabone n’aho
baba ari ibikomangoma nka Nkoronko, kwegera rubanda akabatoramo
abatware
b’abatoni no kugabira intwari iminyago).
Ku Ngoma ya
Kigeli Rwabugili ,ari nawe basingizaga ‘’INKOTANYI
CYANE na ‘’
RUKAYABABISHA”,habaye ibitero byinshi bigamije ahanini
guhamya ubutegetsi ahari
higaruriwe vuba.Twavuga nko ku Ijwi,Ndorwa na Gisaka.Ntiyatinyaga kwica
n’abakomeye ,kabone naho baba ari ibikomangoma nka se wabo
Nkoronko.Ingoma ye
yaranzwe no kwegera rubandaakabatoramo abatware n’abatoni
,akanagabira Intwari
iminyago.
Rwabugili
yagerageje gutera ibihugu byo hakurya y’I Kivu no ku kirwa
cy’Ijwi.Aha tukaba
tugiye kurebera hamwe uko Uwo mwami w’Igihangange yazengereje
amahanga
n’imikorere ye mu igaba-bitero.
12.1.
Ibitero Kigeli Rwabugili yagabye mu mahanga
Rwabugili
amaze gushyira umurwa we Sakara ho mu Gisaka,
« Rukurura » Ingabe y’
i Gisaka niho yanyazwe igambaniwe n’umutware Kabaka ka
Kayagiro .Ubwo rero i
Gisaka cyegukira u Rwanda burundu.
12.1.1.
Igitero cy’amazi
Cyari
kigamije gukangara i Ndorwa yari imaze kunyaga ubushyo
bw’inka z’u Rwanda, muri
zo zitwaga « Umuhozi ».Cyiswe
igitero cy’amazi, ku mpamvu y’imvura
y’urushyana yujuje imigezi igakuka ingabo zikabura aho
zimenera.
12.1.2.
Igitero cy’i Bumpaka
Hafi ya
Rwicanzige, Icyo gitero cyari kibasiye gucogoza ubukubaganyi
bw’Igikomangoma
cyo mu Ndorwa, cyiyitaga Rugaju, cyahigiraga kuyogoza u Rwanda .Ubwo
icyo
gitero gitsemba Ndorwa kirayihashya mpaka Rwicanzige.
12.1.3.
Igitero cyo muri Lito
Ingabo
z’u
Rwanda zari zibasiye igikomangoma NKORONKO, zishinga ibirindiro ku
nkiko y’u
Burundi, zitera RUGIGANA umutware wo mu-Lito rya Ngaragu h’i
Bururndi, byo
kurengagiza.
12.1.4.
Igitero cyo mu Butembo
Iki gitero
cyari icyo « Kumvisha » MUVUNYI
wa Kalinda, Umwami w’u Buhunde
wanyaze « Imisagara »yagishiye i
Kamuronsi.
12.1.5.
Igitero cyo ku Ijwi
Ibitero byo
ku Ijwi, byagabwaga mu mato y’indere aturira abantu 10,
n’ay’inkuge aturira
abarenze 20, « Icumbi » ikaba
imisego begamira, cyangwa se intebe
z’abasare bavugama .Iki gitero cyari kibasiye KABEGO Umwami
wo ku Ijwi wishwe
na Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere.
12.1.6.
Igitero cya Gikore
Ho mu Kigezi
hafi ya Kabare (hagengwa n’ U Buganda ).Iki gitero cyahurujwe
na NYIRIMIGABO
,kugirango yongere igihugu cy’Abagina .Ni nacyo cyazanye
ubwoko bw’ibijumba
biri mu Rwanda mbere yaho hari
« Gafuma » gusa.
12.1.7.
Igitero cyo ku Buntubuzindu
Cyari
kigamije kurwanya BYATERANA Umwami w’u Bunyabungo wari utuye
ku Buntubuzindu.Ubwo
Abashi banesha igitero cy’Abanyarwanda cyari kigizwe
n’imitwe ibiri
gusa.Abacitse ku icumu bagobokwa n’umurishyo
w’ingoma zasukiye ku Nteko
zigakanga Abanyabungo bagasubira bakavunura.
12.1.8.
Igitero cyo ku Kanywiriri
Hafi ya
Muzimu hari igishanga cy’urufunzo cyari inkambi
y’ingabo z’Abanyabungo.Icyo
gitero cyari kigamije kwihimura .Abanyarwanda barwana inkundura,
batwika
urugerero rw’Abanyabungo, ariko isayo ntiyatuma bafata
Kanywiriri .Kigeli
ategeka guhagarika imirwano, ingabo zunamura icumu.
12.1. 9.
Igitero cya 2 cyo ku Ijwi
Kigeli yari
yarigaruriye Ijwi ryaramuyobotse, Nkundiye waryo aza kurigandisha .Iki
gitero
cya Kabiri cyari kibasiye icyo kigande .NKUNDIYE amaze gushoberwa
ingabo
zimusatiriye aho yahungiye mu kirwa cy’i Shovu, yiroha mu
Kivu Ijwi rirayoboka.
12.1.10.
Igitero cy’i Bushubi
Kibogora
Umwami w’i Bushubi amaze gutanga, yasimbuwe na
Nsoro.Rwabigimba umwe mu
bavandimwe be atangiye kumurwanya, Nsoro yitabaza Kigeli
Rwabugili.Kigeli
aratabara, RWABIGIMBA araneshwa ahungira mu Bugufi bwari
ubw’i Burundi muri
ibyo bihe.
12.1.11.
Igitero cyo ku Kidogoro
Iki gitero
cyagabwe na ahantu ho mu majyaruguru ya Bukavu ,ahagana mu bya
Karehe.Ubwo
Byaterana yari amaze gutanga ,asimbuwe na Rutaganda wari ukiri
muto.Umugabekazi
Mugeni Gahwijima ariwe ugenga igihugu .Ubwo igitero
cy’Abanyarwanda cyasaga
n’igisonga U Bunyabungo bwari bumaze kuzahazwa
n’amapfa.Muri icyo
« Kibariro » mu Rwanda hatera
Muryamo ,Ubushita n’Imvunja.
12.1.12.
Igitero cyo ku Rusozi
Icyo gitero
cyo ku Rusozi ariyo Bukavu y’ubu, cyari kigamije gufata mpiri
Rutaganda
n’Umugabekazi Mugeni Gahwijima, kikanyaga Ingabe
y’UBunyabungo Karya-Mahugu,
kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire by’imvaho u
Bunyabungo.Rutaganda na Nyina bari
bahungiye ahantu ho muri Bishugi mu majyepfo y’UBunyabungo,
kwa
Katabirurwa.Igitero cyica Katabirurwa, gifata mpiri Umugabekazi,
Rutaganda
abagaragu be baramucikana.
12.1. 13.
Igitero cy’Imigogo
Imigogogo
zari Ingabo za Ankole,rimwe baza guhengera Rwabugili Umwami
w’u Rwanda yateye i
kivu nawe atera u Rwanda anyaga Inyambo,Rwabugili abimenye nawe agabayo
igitero. Icyo gitero cyari kibasiye Ntare IV Rwamigereka Umwami
w’i Nkole wari
wanyaze Inyambo z’i Rwanda, agatwika ingoro y’i
Rutaraka hafi ya
Nyagatare.Kigeli Rwabugili yari i Bunyabungo n’ingabo ze,
nibwo avunuye atera i
Nkole, yigarurira umurwa Mbarara, Rwamigereka yari yahunze, amenesha
Imigogo
y’Abanyankole, agarika Ingogo, imbunda zabo zahindutse
ibifuma.
12.2. Amato
ya Rwabugili n’ibitero byo ku Ijwi
Kigeli
Rwabugili, akimara kwima Ingoma, ntiyazuyaje, yatangiye kwambuka
n’Inyanja ajya
gutera ibihugu biri hakurya yayo , aho yahereye bwa mbere ni ku kirwa
cy’’Ijwi
.
I Kivu ni
inyanja ngari, Ijwi rikaba Ikirwa kirumbaraye mu Kivu rwagati,ku buryo
umutembo
ataturirira I Kivu I Nyamasheke ngo yomokere ku Ijwi
atararohama.Ahangaha rero
havuka amatsiko yo kumenya uko Rwabugili yateraga mu Bunyabungo
yambukiranyije
I Kivu n’Ingabo ze. !
Rwabugili
yari yarakoranyije amato y’intambara yagombaga guhashya
ibirwa byo mu Kivu no
kwiganzura u Bunyabungo bwo hakurya y’iyo Nyanja.Amato
y’intambara y’u Rwanda,
yari agabwemo imitwe ine; itatu ya mbere igizwe n’ingabo zo
ku Ijwi:
Undi mutwe wari
uremwe n’ingabo z’Abanyakinyaga:
Buri mutwe
w’ingabo wabaga ufite amato y’intambara agera kuri
Magana atatu (300).Hari
n’amato y’Umwami n’ay’Abagaba
yahoraga atsitse mu nsiko y’amashinji y’I Kinyaga
.Mu bitero byo hakurya y’I Kivu,Umwami yarayahuruzaga akarema
umutwe wa
gatanu.Ayo mato y’indoha yari afite amazina yayo,tumenyeshwa
na Musenyeri
Alexis Kagame.
1.
Nyirakabuga:
“Inkundwakazi “Umusare wabwo yari Bigwira;
bwaramvuwe na Mugenza mu Ryarusiga,
ahantu hitwa mu Kigende ho mu Budaha; nibwo Rwabugili yagenderagamo
.Bwari
nk’inyumba ishakaje imihemba.
2.Igitsirombo :”Ubutoni
“Bwavuye muri Cumbi,hejuru ya Mabanza ho mu
Bwishaza,buramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo,umunyejwi wo kwa Tabaro ,wari utuye
kuri
Bizu.
3. Umuhozi:”Ubuhora
“, bwaturutse mu Kanage buramvuwe na
Ruhangamugabo.
4.
Umudaheranwa:”Ubutaganzwa
“Bwaramvuwe mu Kigamba ho mu Budaha
5.
Umucyurabuhoro:”Ubutanga
ishya n’ihirwe “, bwo kuri Cumbi, bwaramvuwe na
Gikerakenja, wo mu Marambo.
6.
Ndushabandi:”Ubwingenzi
“, bwaturutse mu Cyiya ho mu ishyamba rya Rugege, buramvuwe
na Bigwirabagabo wo
ku Ishara.
7.
Ngarukiyibirwa:”Ubuhoraburangamiye
Ibirwa “, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza kuri Cumbi
8.
Nyabiyonga:”Ubufubikwa
impuzu y’ubutumba “,bwo
ku Rwerere rw’I Bugoyi ,bwaramvuwe na Mpamira wo mu Nkaranka.
9.
Intahakure:”Ubutebuka
“,bwo ku Rwerere
,bwaramvuwe na Mpamira ,umusare wabwo yari Rubago.
10. Inyimura
–Bahinza:”Ubutsema
Abahinza “bwo mu Kigamba
cy’ I Budaha, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza
11.
Inyagirabahunde:”Ubuterabahunde
“, bwo mu Kigamba, bwaramvuwe na Mugenza
12.
Nyabihunika:”Ikigega
nyamunini “bwari ubwa Nkundiye ya Kabego, bwo muri
Nyamushishi, bwaramvuwe na
Mugenza.
13.
Kamarashavu:”Ubumaragahinda
“, bwari ubwa Kabego.
14.
Gisumbamagoyi:
“Uburuta
amagoyi “ , bwo muri Nyamushishi,bwaramvuwe na Gikerekenja.
15.
Umudaharingoma:”Ubudahemukira
ingoma:”bwo mu Kigamba, bwaramvuwe na Kamegeri wo kwa
Bisangwa
16.
Intaganzwa:”Ubudatsindwa
‘, bwa Magaja ya
Murinzi wo mu Kinyaga, bwaturirwaga umutwe w’Intaganzwa za
Nyirimigabo.
17. Ishyaka;”Ubuhorana
ubutwari” bwo mu Kigamba, bwa Cyigenza cya
Rwakagara .nibwo bwaturiraga Ingoma za Rwabugili.
18.
Ntsinzishyaka:”
Ubutsindabahizi “bwaramvuwe na Mpamira mu Bugoyi, nibwo
Rwabugili yagendagamo
n’umutoni we Bisangwa.
19. Imbabazi
“Impuhwe “bwaramvuwe mu Budaha, bwari ubwa Kabare
ka
Rwakagara, bwaramvuywe na Ruhangamugabo.
20. Ijuru:”Ikirere
“bwari ubwa Rwabilinda rwa Rwogera,
bwaramvuwe na Bigwirabagabo mu Cyiya ( mu ishyamba rya Rugege ).
21.
Umuhirika:”Ubunesha
“bwo mu Cyiya, ubwa
Rwatangabo rwa Nzigiye .
22.
Imirishyo:”Ubuhimbaza
nk’ingoma zisutse
“bwaramvuwe mu Cyiya na Mukenga wa Sebuhura, bukaba ubwa
Rutikanga rwa
Nkuriyingoma umwiru mukuru w’umwimika
23.
Umuhurambuga:’Ubuteramacumu
“bwaramvuwe na Mukenga mu Cyiya, bwari ubwa Nyamugabo wa
Kanywabahizi, Umutware
w’Abakemba bo mu Kinyaga
24.
Ngaruyamahugu:’Ubwigarurira
impugu “, bwaramvuwe na Buhake bwa Ngizumuhe, buva I
Gikundamvura ho mu
Bukunzi, bukaba ubwa Rubuga rwa Senyamisange, Umugaba w’Abiru
bo mu Kinyaga.
25. Inkongi:”Ikibatsi
cy’umuriro “bwari ubwa Bayibayi ba Buki
bwaramvuwe na Munyuzangabo, I Gikundamvura ho mu Bukunzi.
26.
Inkotanyi:”Indwanyi
“ bwari ubwa Mugugu wa
Shumbusho, bwaramvuwe na Munyuzangabo I Gikundamvura .
27.
Nsinzurugomo:”Ubuhashya
ibigande “bwa Kamaka ka Gasindikira, bwaramvuwe na
Gikerakenja , muri
Nyamushishi ho ku Ijwi
28.
Indimanyi:
“Ubwasagura bugatsemba ‘ bwa
Nyamugusha wa Rwata , bwaramvuwe I Gikundamvura.
29.
Inyamamare :”Ubwogeye
“
bwa Rutishereka rwa Sentama ,bwaramvuwe na Ntabwoba I Gikundamvura
30. Ngumira;’Ubusatira
ababisha “ bwa Ntamati ya Gashagaza
bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja kuri Cumbi bo mu Budaha
31.
Rutangira:”Ubudatsimburwa
“ bwa Kanyonyomba ka
Ndarwubatse bwaramvuwe na Rurangamugabo kuri Cumbi
32.
Igikwiye:”Ubutinywa”
bwa Rubanza rwa Yoboka
bwaramvuwe na Ruhangamugabo kuri Cumbi.
34. Ishema:”Ubutazarira
“bwa Rukaburacumu rwa Bitebuka , Inteba
ya Nshozamihigo ya Rwabugili ,bwaramvuwe na Gikerakenja mu Kanage
,nobwo
bwaturiraga Abashozamihigo (Ingabo za Nshozamihigo )
35.
Imaragishyika:”Ubutemba
ubwuzu “bwa Baryinyonza ba Rwabugili , bwaramvuwe na
Ruhangamugabo kuri Cumbi
36.
Sindushwa:”
Ubuganza “ bwa Sehene rya
Rugombituri (Murumuna wa Bisangwa ) bwaramvuwe na Burunga mu Rwerere
rw’I
Bugoyi
37.
Itanganika:”Amazi
magari “ bwa Shankumba ya
Nyamurwana ,bwaturutse ku Itambi butuwe na Kalimumvumba.
38. Inyanja:
“Umuhengeli w’amazi magari ‘bwa Bisangwa
bya
Rugombituri, bwaravuwe na Burunga ku Rwerere .nibwo bwaturiraga inzoga
za
Rwabugili
39. Inyimbuzi:’Uburimbura
‘bwa Mugugu wa Shumbusho, ariko butegeka
murumuna we Semakamba,bwaramvuwe na Rubuga rwa Rujenjeka ,I
Gikundamvura.
40.
Barikabaganya:’Ubushabutse
“bwa Muhigirwa wa Rwabugili, bwari bufite urusaya ku gikwi(
igikwi ni izuru
ry’ubwato )
41.
Intagwabira:’Ubudacogora
“bwategekwaga na Rwabilinda rwa Rwogera, umusare wabwo yari
Shankuru
42.
Inkumburwa;’Ubwifuzwa
n’Ingabo ‘bwategekwaga na
Rubuga rwa Senyamisange
43. Intashya;’Ubutebuka
‘Umusare wabwo yari Gipfurero
44. Intamati;’Ubukombe
bw’inzovu “Umusare wabwo yari Mugarura
45.
Inyange :”Bwiza
“Umusare wabwo yari
Rwamahina.
46.
Akarogoya:”Ubugamburuza
abahizi
“bwategekwaga na Kamaka.
Ngayo
amato y’intambara ya Rwabugili yari
yarayaramvuriye kwigarurira u Bunyabungo n’ibirwa byo ku
Kivu.I Kivu ariko
nticyahoraga gituje ,gikunda kugira imiyaga ikaze itorohera ubwato
.Abasare ba
Rwabugili bari bayizi ingeso,Bakamenya igihe kiza cyorohera ivugama
bagaturira
nta mpungenge
Abanyabungo
n’Abahavu nabo bari bazi kurwanira
mu mazi magari ,ndetse abanyarwanda ntibashoboraga kubisukira mu
Kivu,Abashi
bari nk’inyogaruzi ,abanyarwanda babashobozaga ishyaka
n’imihigo ,kandi
bagaturirwa n’Abasare baturiye I Kivu ,Abagoyi ,Abanage
n’abanyakinyaga ,nabo
bari bazi iby’I Kivu n’imiyaga yacyo.
Rwabugili
yatangiye ku Kivu cy’I Nyamasheke mu
rugaryi rwo mu w’1895 , amaze kuzahaza amahanga .Ingabo ze
zari intwari
zikabije kurwana.Muri uko gutanga kwe ,niho Abiru bakomoye umurishyo
witwa
“INYANJA “bawukurije ku bitero bitagira ingano
yagabye hakurya y’I Kivu.Mu
gitero cy’imigogo zanesheje Imigogo y’ I Karagwe
imbunda zabo zihinduka
ibifuma, ingoma z’ I Rwanda zivuza Zigezikaragwe ,zirindimura
Agasiga.
Amato
ya Rwabugili ntiyageruzwaga n’imiyaga,
yaturiye I Kivu nk’intabire yogoga Ubunnyugu, yigarurira
Abahavu, Indamutsa
itanga ihumure ingoma zahuranya Turatsinze.
1.2.3.
Imiyaga yo mu Kivu
I
Kivu cyagiraga amoko y’imiyaga menshi,ariko
ntiyabonekeraga rimwe ,ahubwo yazaga mu bihe bitandukanye,akaba ariyo
mpamvu
byoroheraga abantu kujya koga mu Kivu cyangwa se gukoreramo indi mirimo
,kuko
babaga bazi ifite ubukana ,iyoroheje ,n’igihe ibonekera mu
Kivu.By’umwihariko
,kumenya amoko y’iyo miyaga byafashije ingabo za Rwabugiri
gutera nta nkomyi u
Bunyabungo no kwigarurira ikirwa cy’Ijwi , kuko bamenyaga
imiyaga ikaze igihe
izira ,bityo bakabasha kugena ingengabihe yo gutera. Kandi kubera
imihigo
n’ishayaka ingabo z’u Rwanda zagiraga,
n’iyo habaga harimo iyo miyaga ikaze,
bagiraga uburyo babyifatamo, ariko ntibibabuze gutera .Ikingenzi
byasabaga, ni
ukumenya igihe iyo miyaga izira. Muri iyo miyaga tugiye kurebera hamwe
iy’ingenzi nkuko iboneka mu rurimi rw’Amashi.
Icyasezi :(icya
hose) Umuyaga wo mu
gitondo ahagana saa kumi n’imwe ,ubera Abasare
nk’isaha yo kuzinduka.
Umwene :
(umwana ) Umuyaga udakomeye
cyane ,uva ku Ijwi na za Nyamirundi werekeza ku Gisenyi .Ukunda imvura.
Umuzirahera:
(umukubayoka )Umuyaga ukomeye
cyane ,ugenda ukubita amazi uyajugunya ku nkombe.Ugira ibitunda
(ibigoma )
byinshi ukaba wahirika ubwato .Uturuka mu Bugesera ,ukambukiranya mu
bya
Nyantango ,ukanyura mu Kanagae,uhuha werekeza mu bugoyi .Ugira Ishara
(umuyaga
uhuhuta ) ryinshi ugakunda kuzisha amato ya Kinyarwanda .Uzirana
n’Imvura.
Mwaga :
(hobe ) ni umuyaga bitiriye
umugezi wa Mwaga,uturuka mu ishyamba ryo hagati rya Gisakura na
Ntendezi
ukisuka mu Kivu cya Nyamirundi na Murwa wa Nyamasheke mu nsiko ya
Bitare (
Insiko ni intozo ).Cyo kigira umuvumba mwinshi ,cyaba cyagiyemo
bagatsika
ntibajye mu Kivu.Ni cya rukunduzi ni ikigome cyane.Mwaga kandi ,ni
inshuti
y’imvura.
Umukondwe :(
umugongo ) Umuyaga woroshye
udakomeye ,ugenda usodoka wegura ubwato buhoro buhoro utabukubaganya
cyane.Uturuka mu migezi yo ku Ijwi ukagenda werekeza mu bya Kinunu na
Gishwati
.Wo ntukarishye cyane kandi unashira vuba .
Icyogoro:
(Icyomoro) Uturuka ahagati
y’Ijwi na Ngoma ya Gisenyi kihirika kerekeza I Rwanda .Kizamo
saa sita
z’ijoro.Kirakomera ariko gicika vuba.Kandi kijyamo iyo
biturutse ku mvura ,iyo
hari umucyo ntikijyamo ,kijyana n’imvura. Akanyankubi
(Umunyankuyu cyangwa
akanyarugano) .Umunyarugano ni Ishuheri (itafari) nk’umuyaga
wa Serwakira
.Itsura ubwato hafi y’inkombe abasare bakiheba bagira
,amakuba iyo yahuye na
Mwaga.Ni ishuheri izanwa n’imvura ariko ikavamo vuba.
Indera
(Inkwano ) Ni akayaga gatuje
katagwa nabi.
Isata
(Itara ) Umuyaga uturuka mu
bicu byo mu kirere ugahubirana n’uwo mu Nyanja bigakirana
bigatumbagiza
amazi.Ni nka Serwakira yo mu Kivu .Mu bihe by’amezi
asanganira
icyi :Gicurasi
na Kamena,imvura ijya
nko gukumira, nibwo amasata byitwa ngo “aranywa amakumirano
“.Isata ni umuyaga
uvuye mu rushunzi rumanutse hejuru ari umugera umwe w’amazi
y’ibicu,ugashingira
hagati mu mazi y’I Kivu,ukagenda uyagara,ukuka,ugatumbagira
usenya amato
,imihana,intoki zikarimbuka.Iyo miyaga ariko yakara ,yagira,ntiyabuzaga
Inkotanyi cyane guturira I Kivu,no gukangaranya ababisha no kubanesha.
Umutunda:
(Umusare ) ni umuraba
(umuyaga )uhora uhungiza urimo umuvumba.
Umuhengeri :(umurombero
) Bivuga umuyaga
mu mazi ariko ku batazi iby’;i Kivu .Naho ku baturiye i Kivu
nu
ukuvuga :Kure. Ahafi ni ku
macanbwa (ku gasharu ),mu ngeri ni kure cyane.
Insiko :( intozo ) Ni aho
amato yomokera ,ni nk’imfuruka .
Amashinji: (amashyuza) Ni
umweya nka Kariba ya Kinunu cyangwa se
nko ku Mwiza wo ku Ishara rya Nyamasheke .Mbese ni ubutaka
bw’inkombe
y’inyanja.
Iyo miyaga
rukunduzi ntiyabuzaga Rwabugili kuvogera i Kivu yibasiye u Bunyabungo.
Kigeli
Rwabugili yatanze mu rugaryi rwo mu w’1985 ,atangira ku Kivu
cy’I
Nyamasheke,azize umwami yarashwe n’Abashi mu gitero cya nyuma
yagabye ku Ijwi
.Ariko yari amaze kuzengereza amahanga.Amateka avuga ko nta Muntu
wigeze amuca
iryera ari mu Rwanda ,kuko iteka ryose yiberaga mu mahanga agabayo
ibitero.Mu
myaka 42 yamaze ku Ngoma ,akaba yaragabye ibitero 45.Ikindi twavuga
ahangaha,nuko Nyuma ye nta Mwami wongeye kugaba ibitero byo kwagura
igihugu,kuko mu isoza ry’Ingoma ye ryahubiranya
n’Umwaduko w’Abakoloni.
Kuva icyo
gihe abanyarwanda bakomeza kumwogeza mu ndilimbo n’ibisigo
kubw’ubutwari yagize
ku Ngoma ye.Urugero twatanga ni nk’urwa Rujindiri wagize ati
Inkotanyi cyane
yabyirutse neza: « Ntimukangwe na cya cyuzi Ko
twakinyujijemo amato Inkuru
nziza se yabaye Twatsinze yaruse byose Umva ingoma se zirasuka Zisutse
zigana i
Jabiro»
Umwanzuro ku
bitero byagabwe n’Abami b’u Rwanda
Icyo
twazirikana ahangaha, nuko Abasinga, Ababanda, Abenengwe, Abongera,
Abazigaba,
Abahinda n’Abagara, bakomoka ku Bahima.Ikindi kandi, nubwo
Ingoma Nyiginya y’i
Gasabo ariyo yari ntoya cyane ntibyayibujije kwigarurira ibihugu
byinshi byari
bigize u ru Rwanda tubona ubu.Ndetse baza kuyobora uru Rwanda
bafatanyije
n’Abega nabo bakurikiranaga mu buke no mu kuyobora uduhugu
duto .Muri ibyo
byose bigaragara ko nta bwinshi bw’abaturage bari
bafite,ahubwo icyo barushaga
andi mahanga ni « KURWANA ISHYAKA NO GUKORERA KU
NTEGO »
Mu
by’ukuri
imigenzereze Y’Ingoma –Nyiginya ni urugero rusange
umuntu yavuga ko ari
« Ingoma y’Ubwisanzure
» burangwa no kwigarurira impugu nyinshi,
«Ingoma y’ubugaragu », burangwa
n’ituze ry’igaba n’igabana
ry’inka arizo
zagaragazaga ubukungu bw’Igihugu, ari nayo shingiro
ry’Ubuhake « Ingoma
y’umuheto » wari indanga-Ntego
y’Ingoma Nyiginya, wagamburuje inkiko
z’ishyanga.Ayo akaba ariyo matwara rusange y’Ingoma
Nyiginya yari itetse mu
Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo.
Hifashishijwe
1.
Inganji Kalinga I, Kabgayi 1943(KAGAME
Alexis)
2.
Inganji Karinga Ed. Kagbayi (Myr Kagame
Alexis 1959)
3. Le Rwanda
ancien et modern, Kabgayi 1959 (LOUIS de Lacger)
4. Un abrege
de l’Ethino- Histoire du Rwanda, Butare 1972 (KAGAME Alexis)
5. Amateka
y’Afurika, Kigali 1987 (MUREKUMBANZE Gr.)
6. Le
Bushiru et son Muhinza (M.Pauwels)
7.
Ingoma I Rwanda 1992 (P.SIMPENZWE Gaspard)
8. Le
Bushiru et son Muhinza (M.Pauwels)