Tumenye
neza intwari za Revolution ya 1959 :
Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda.
Parution:
Tuesday 12 November 2013
Par:Venant Nkurunziza
Nyakubahwa
Grégoire Kayibanda ni muntu ki ?
Grégoire
Kayibanda ni mwene Léonidas
Rwamanywa na Caroline Nyirambeba. Yavukiye Tare, muri Commune Musambira
Prefecture ya Gitarama mu majyepfo y’ u Rwanda kuwa 01
Gicurasi 1924. Amashuri
abanza yayize i Tare (1932-1934) kandi ayakomereza Kabgayi (1934-1937).
Naho
ayisumbuye ayiga mu iseminari nto Saint Léon
i Kabgayi (1934-1943). Kuwa
28 Ukuboza 1944 Kayibanda yinjiye mu Iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda,
kugeza
yiyemeje kuyivamo kuwa 15 novembre 1948, kandi agahagarika
n’ibyigipadiri
ahubwo akerekeza muby’ubwarimu. Yashakanye na Kayibanda
Verdianne. Kuwa 20
Mutarama 1949 atangira umwuga w’ubwarimu muri
« Institut Léon
Classe » kugeza mu 1952. Ibyo kandi akabifatanyaga
n’ubuzima busanzwe bwa
buri munsi mu gukemura ibibazo binyuranye byari byugarije rubanda
rugufi aho atuye.
[Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 75].
Mu
1953 Kayibanda yoherejwe gukora i Kabgayi muri serivise yo gutegura no
kunonosora infashanyigisho zijyanye n'igihe mu biro
by’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri.
Guhera muri Kamena muri uwo mwaka kugeza m’Ukuboza 1954
Kayibanda yabaye
umwanditsi w’ikinyamakuru « l’AMI».
Kayibanda yifashishije
itangazamakuru rero, yakomeje guhindura imitekerereze ya rubanda kandi
ahindura
n’imwe mumikorere y’ubutegetsi itari ihwitse muri
icyo gihe. Urugero twatanga
ni uko mu gihe itegeko ryabuzaga kwishyira hamwe cyane cyane mubikorwa
bya
politiki, Kayibanda we yasabaga ko uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe mu
m’Asosiyasiyo na Koperative bwahabwa rubanda kandi mu buryo
butagabanuweho na
gato. [Kayibanda
Grégoire, "Notre rôle
dans la cité" dans L'ami, n°114,
janv.1954 nkuko byandukuwe na
Paternostre de la Mairieu].
Ibyo
byagize ingaruka nziza cyane mu
mitekerereze n’imikorere ya politili. Amashyirahamwe menshi
yaravutse kugera ku
rwego rwo kuba Amashyaka ya Polilitiki. Hagati aho rero guhera Mu 1955
nibwo
Kayibanda yavuye mu bugenzuzi bw’amashuri maze aba :
President wa komite
ncunga mikorere ya Trafipro (Travail, Fidélité,
Progrès), umwanditsi mukuru wa
Kinyamateka, yabaye kandi umunyamabanga wihariye wa
«Monseigneur Perraudin »,
ndetse aba n’umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama ya Chefferie
ya Marangara.
Iyo myanya niyo yafashije cyane cyane Grégoire Kayibanda
kumenyekanisha
ibitecyerezo bye byiza. Kayibanda aha yari yaramaze kwiyunvamo
umuhamagaro wo
kuba umucunguzi wa rubanda rugufi nk'uko intego ye
yabivugaga : Libertatem
filiorum Dei : Tubohore Abana b’Imana.
Uwo
muhamagaro kandi ugaragazwa
n’amagambo basanze mu ikaye ye (carnet de notes), agira
ati : « Mu
gihugu aho rubanda ikorerwa ivangura rigaragara kandi ryizweho
neza….nsanga
kwibanda ku kintu kimwe gusa ntacyo byaba bimaze, ahubwo bidatinze
nazasanga
nange ntacyo ndicyo…mpisemo rero gukangura igihugu cyanjye
kumenya ubushobozi
kifitemo…maze nkabafasha kuvumbura ibyo ababakikije
bakeneye, nkabasunikira
kandi nkabingingira gutanga umusanzu wabo…ntekereza ko ariwo
muhamagaro wange
mu gihugu kikishakisha, kandi kikireba aho gikwiye guhagurukira hakwiye
kandi
vuba ». (Paternostre de la Mairieu 1994].
Murunva ko Kayibanda rero
yabaye nkurahiye ko agiye gutanga ubuzima bwe bwose mu gufasha rubanda
kwibohora.
Kayibanda
arongera ati : « Chefu
(président du Conseil de chefferie) anfata
nk’umuntu warwanya ubutegetsi kandi
bigaragara ko hari ukuntu antinya . Yamenyereye
kwigirizaho nkana
aba sushefu be, ariko njye sinemera amahame ye yose! Intekerezo zanjye
zuzuyemo
akarengane abantu banjye bagirirwa, kandi sinakwihanganira na gato
ubutegetsi
butakijyanye n’igihe kandi budashoboye.»
Nasomye aya magambo
anyibutsa ay’umukambwe Nelson Mandera, wavugaga ko iminyururu
iri ku bantu be
(abirabura) nawe iba imuriho, ko nta kindi yakora uretse
kuyibabohora…kandi ko
ari gahunda ndende yiyemeje kugeza ayisohoje cyangwa se kugeza abizize
biramutse bibaye ngombwa.
Nk'uko
bigaragara, Kayibanda yari
umugabo utarebera akarengane ngo yituramire, cyangwa ngo yihutire
gukemura ibibazo
yifashishije inzira ihutaza, cyangwa se, isesa amaraso. Kayibanda
yahangayikishijwe cyane n’ikibazo cya rubanda rugufi rwari
rwiganjemo abo mu
bwoko bw’Abahutu. Abo bari barambuwe uburenganzira bwose
bw’ikiremwamuntu,
ahubwo bagafatwa nk’ibikoresho. Umuhutu,
ntaburenganzira ku mutungo, ku
mutekano no kwishyira ukizana yagiraga, emwe no kubaho kwe
byabaga ari
impuhwe yagiriwe. Kwaka rero no guharanira uburenganzira mbonezamubano
n’ubwa
politiki n’ubundi bushamikiyeho, murunva ko byo byari
inzozi.
Nyamara intwari
Kayibanda yakomeje
kwitegereza ako karengane kakorerwaga Abahutu kuva aho ubutegetsi bwabo
bw’Abahinza butsindiwe n’ingoma nyiginya
z’Abatutsi mu gisekuruza cya 15,
asanga ataceceka. Nibwo kuwa 24 Werurwe 1957 Kayibanda yegereye bagenzi
be
aribo: Maximilien Niyonzima, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana,
Calliope
Mulindahabi, Godefroid Sentama, Sylvestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana
na
Joseph Habyarimana ariwe Gitera, maze basinya kandi batangaza
kumugaragaro
inyandiko bise « Note sur
l’aspect social du problème racial
indigène
au Rwanda ». Iyo nyandiko yari
igenewe Umwami Mutara
III Rudahigwa hamwe n’abategetsi b’Ababirigi
bakolonizaga u Rwanda. Iyo
nyandiko yasobanuraga akarengane gakorerwaga rubanda rugufi ndetse
n’inzira ako
karengane kakemurwamo. Yasabaga by'umwihariko ko ibyiza
by’igihugu bikwiye
gusaranganywa ntavangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiweho mu
bana b’ u
Rwanda. Iyi nyandiko rero yamenyekanye mu itangazamakuru nka Manifesite
y’Abahutu, niyo yabaye intangiriro
y’urugamba rw’Umuhutu mukwibohora ingoma
ya cyami.
Kayibanda
hagati aho,
abifashijwemo na «Monseigneur Perraudin »,
kuwa 09 Nzeri 1957 yoherejwe mu
mahugurwa ajyanye n’iby’itangazamakuru mu bwanditsi
bw’ ikinyamakuru
« Journal Vers
l'avenir » cyandikirwaga mu
Bubirigi. Kayibanda
yagarutse kuwa 08 Ugushyingo 1958, maze ahita akomereza imirimo ye muri
Kinyamateka guhera tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1958. [Linden
(1999) 325].
Twibutse ko muri
Kamena 1957, mbere
y’amezi 3 ngo Kayibanda ajye i Burayi, muri ya mahugurwa
twavuze, yasize
ashinze « Mouvement
Social Muhutu»
yashingiye programu yayo kuri ya Manifeste y’Abahutu. Hagati
aho, Umwami Rudahigwa yaje
gutanga kuwa 25 Nyakanga 1959,
ikibazo kitarakemuka maze asimburwa na murumuna we wahawe izina rya
Kigeli V
Ndahindurwa kuwa 28 Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka. Impirimbanyi za Demokarasi
zibwiraga ko nibura Ndahindurwa azanye amatwara mashya, niko kumwibutsa
ubutumwa bwo guhindura ibintu mu nzira y'amahoro bwari bwarashyikirijwe
mukuru
we.
Nuko
mu ibaruwa bashyikirije Umwami Ndahindurwa
ubwe ,kuwa 07 Kanama
1959, bongera gusobanura akarengane
k’abahutu ndetse berekana
n'ibintu bikwiye guhinduka vuba na bwangu mu mitegekere
y’igihugu. Mur’ibyo
harimo: kwemera ko umuhutu agomba kugira uruhare mu mitegekere
y’igihugu cye,
gusaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu no gukuraho abategeka bose
batabanye neza na
rubanda. Iyibaruwa yagaragaje rero urukundo intwali za Demokarsi
zakundaga
rubanda, yagaragaje kandi ukuri n’ubutwali bidashidikanywaho,
aba bagabo
bari bafite. Muri iyo baruwa baragira bati :
«Ibyo duharanira
ntitwabihejeje mu rwihisho twabyanditse mubyo amagazeti yise Manifeste
y’Abahutu, twabibwiye umwami, twabibwiye Leta, twabwiye
intumwa z’Ububirigi,
ntitubihisha cyangwa ngo tubishyigikize inzangano no gusebanya.
Duhinyura icyo
tutabonamo amajyambere rusange y’Abanyarwanda bose tukavuga
icyo
twifuza ». Iyo baruwa nayo
yashyizweho umukono n’abayobozi ba ya Mouvement
twavuze haruguru yaharaniraga uburenganzira
bw’Umuhutu, aribo : KAYIBANDA
Grégoire (Président
Général), NIYONZIMA Maximilien (V/P
Général), MURINDAHABI
Calliope (Secrétaire général),
SIBOMANA Joseph(Trésorier Général).
Kayibanda
wari ukubutse
Iburayi, yaritegereje abona ko ibintu bigeze iwandabaga kandi hakenewe
impinduka mu Rwanda. Maze kuwa 19 Ukwakira 1959 ashingaga Ishyaka
PARMEHUTU (Le
Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu). Iri
shyaka naryo rikaba
ryariyuburuye muri ya «Mouvement social
Muhutu ». PARMEHUTU yaje
guhindura izina, yitwa
MDR
« Mouvement
Démocratique Républicain »
kandi yiyemeza kwigobotora ingoma ya cyami
n’iya gikoronize maze hakajyaho ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri
Demokarasi na
Repubulika mu Rwanda. [Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 158].
Muri aya
mahindura y'imitegekere,
Umwami mushya Kigeli V
Ndahindurwa yagaragaje ko
ingengabitekerezo ya cyami idahinduka kandi ko agikeneye abahutu ho
abagaragu,
gusa yibagirwa ikintu kimwe ko « nta wahagarika
rubanda yahagurukiye
gukora revolusiyo ». Ibi tuzabigarukaho tuvuga
iby'uko Revolisiyo
yatangiye n'uko yagenze( 1/11/1959- 01/7/1962).
Revolisiyo
yarangiye Rubanda
yerekanye imbaraga yifitemo. Reka
twiyibutse aya mataliki y'ingenzi cyane :
*Kuwa
26 ukwakira 1960
habayeho
amatora adafifitse yarangiye ashyizeho
inteko na Leta by’agateganyo. Nyakubahwa Gregoire Kayibanda
aba Ministre
w’intebe naho Habyarimana Joseph Gitera ayobora Inteko.
*Ku
wa 28 Mutarama 1961
i Gitarama habaye Kongere idasanzwe, ikuraho
ingoma ya cyami( monarchie), ica Karinga n'izayo zose, itangiza
ubutegetsi
bushingiye kuri Repubulika : uwo munsi Nyakubahwa Dominiko
Mbonyumutwa
yatorewe kuba Perezida wa mbere.
*Ku
wa 25 Nzeri 1961
habayeho amatora rusange yiswe
Kamarampaka : rubanda ihamya bidasubirwaho ko yanze ubutegetsi
butunzwe
(ubwami) na Kigali , ko ishaka rwose ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri
rubanda :
nyuma y'ukwegura kwa Mobnyumutwa , Geregori Kayibanda yatorewe kuba
Perezida wa
Repubulika, ashyiraho Leta yagejeje u rwanda ku bwigenge taliki ya
1/7/1962.
Nyakubahwa
Grégoire Kayibanda wari
wabaye Président wa Repubulika ya mbere, yongeye gutorerwa
manda ya 2 mu 1965,
na manda ya 3 ari nayo ya nyuma mu 1969. [Reyntjens (1985)
408].
Nyamara ariko ngo
ntawe uneza
rubanda kandi ngo ubutegetsi buraryoha !
Nyakubahwa Grégoire
Kayibanda waharaniye uburenganzira bwa Rubanda nk'uko intwari Nelson
Mandela
yaharaniye uburenganzira bw’Abirabura bari baratsikamiwe
n’abazungu muri
Afurika y’Epfo, yaje gukurwa mu mirimo ye kuwa 05 Nyakanga
1973 na kudeta
yitiriwe Juvénal Habyarimana n’inshuti ze. Maze
Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda
bamugenera igihano cy’urupfu kuwa 26 Kamena 1974. [L’arrêté
N° 0001/ 74/ CM
de la cour martiale le 29 juin 1974]. Icyo gihano cyaje
guhindurwamo
gufungwa burundu maze Kayibanda avanwa muri Izari Rwerere aho yari
yafungiwe,
afungirwa iwe mu rugo i Kavumu ho muri Gitarama kuwa 11 Nzeri 1974, aho
yatabarukiye nk’intwari Mahatma Gandhi, kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1976.
[Pierre-Célestin
Kabanda (2012) 292-294].
Harakabaho
intwali za
Repubulika.
Umutaripfana
Venant Nkurunziza.