RWANDA: IBIBAZO BY’ABAKIGA N’ABANYENDUGA.

7 juillet 2015

http://bit.ly/1HMxFWs

Abanyarwanda bose bazi imvugo iri hanze aha y’ibibazo biri hagati y’abakiga n’abanyenduga, akaba ari bimwe mu bibazo by’ingenzi bikibaziritse ku gitugu cya Kagame. Kera abantu bari barijejwe ko ngo hazabaho inama yitwa “Rukokoma”, ibyo bibazo bigashyirwa hasi bakabicocagura, ikarangira bumvikanye. Iyo nama rero hashize imyaka 25 itaraba, ariko usanga hari benshi bacyizera cyangwa bacyizezwa ko izaba igakemura biriya bibazo.

Banyarwanda rero, iyo abantu bagomba kubana, bagakomeza kuvuga ko bazumvikana ari uko hari ibintu bibanje gutunganwa ariko ntawe uri kubitunganya, icyo umwe aba ahisha undi ni uko nta bwumvikane ashaka, cyangwa se agishakisha ukundi yabigenza ngo agere kubyo yifuza amukikiye. Hari abantu bavugira mu ruhame ukumva bizera ko umuntu yabana n’undi bangana imyaka 40 igashira ntacyo babikoraho, bakaba bakora inama imwe ikabihindura bakaba inshuti zizerana.

Ibi byose ni ibinyoma bigamije gutezura abanyarwanda ku ntego yo gushyiraho igihugu twese tuzishimira kubamo mu mahoro kandi twisanzuye. Gukomeza kuzirika abantu bawe ku ngoyi y’ibyahise ni ikosa rikomeye, kuko kudasobanukirwa kwawe ntacyo bihindura ku ngaruka mbi zakwo, cyane ku bantu bose baguteze amatwi kandi bakakwizera.

Mu rwego rw’ibibazo by’abakiga n’abanyenduga, iyi nyandiko irerekana ko bene ibyo bibazo atari ibyo gukemurwa n’inama cyangwa inkiko nk’uko bamwe babyijejwe. Kugirango ibyo bibazo bishire, hari ibintu bitatu bigomba gukorwa kandi bijyanye n’igihe tugezemo:

-       Icya mbere ni ukubwizanya ukuri, tukavuga uko ibintu byagenze n’uko ibibazo dufite biteye nta gukikira, hanyuma ahubwo tugafata igihe gikenewe tugahangana n’ingaruka zabyo.

-       Icya kabiri ni uko kugirango ingingo ya mbere ishoboke neza, abanyapolitike bagomba gukora uko bashoboye bakajya bahuza abakiga n’abanyenduga basobanukiwe neza n’imiterere y’ibibazo biri hagati yabo. Umugambi ukaba gushakira hamwe uburyo basenya ibirindiro bikomeye biri mu mitekerereze n’imyifatire yabo, bagakingura inzugi z’ubusabane n’ubwifatanye bwaguye, bakareka kwishisha ko hari igihe umwe ashobora kuzubikira undi akamukorera ibidakorwa.

-       Icya gatatu ni uguhindura imitegekere y’igihugu ku buryo abakiga, abanyenduga, n’ibindi bice by’banyarwanda bizera badashidikanya ko iyo mitegekere mishya izatuma ibibi bakorewe cyangwa se bakoze bitazongera gushoboka. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zizatuma ibirindiro tumaze kuvuga biva mu nzira, imibanire myiza ikiyongera.

Ibi byose ntabwo byoroshye, ariko igihe kirageze ngo natwe abanyarwanda tunyuzemo twiyemeze kugera ku bintu byiza tuzi neza ko bikomeye, kandi turuhuke tubigezeho.

Intandaro

Ntabwo iyi nyandiko igamije kuvuga ko nta kintu cyabaye kigatuma havuka ubwumvikane buke ndetse n’inzangano hagati y’abakiga n’abanyenduga. Ibi ariko nta kintu kirimo umuntu yavuga ko ari ibanga rigomba gutegereza imyaka isaga 20 y’ubuhunzi kugirango rimenwe, maze haboneke ibisubizo bituma dutera intambwe ijya imbere mu rwego rwa politike no mu mibanire y’abanyarwanda. Ku bakiri bato, dore uko ibintu biteye:

Ku itariki ya 5-7-1973, Generali Majoro Juvenal Habyarimana wari umukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda yahiritse ku ngufu ubutegetsi bwa Prezida Gregoire Kayibanda wari warategetse u Rwanda kuva rubonye ubwigenge mu 1962. Kayibanda yavukaga mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda (muri prefegitura ya Gitarama), Habyarimana akavuka mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda (muri prefegitura ya Gisenyi).

Nyuma y’iyo “Coup D’ Etat” abategetsi barenze 50 bo hejuru benshi bavukaga muri prefegitura ya Gitarama barafashwe bashyirwa mu buroko. Baburanishijwe hutihuti, bamwe muri bo bakatirwa urwo gupfa ariko nyuma ruza guhindurwamo burundu nk’iyo abasigaye bari babonye. Ntabwo hashize igihe kirekire abanyarwanda bumva inkuru y’incamugongo ko abo bantu hafi ya bose bamaze kwicwa.

Hiyongeraho ko ngo bishwe mu buryo butari bwiza, n’ubwo nta buryo buzwi umuntu yicamo undi neza. Banyarwanda mwari mukiri bato cyangwa mutaravuka, n’abandi batabikurikiriye hafi, ngiyo inkomoko y’ibibazo birebire twita iby’abakiga n’abanyenduga. Ntihagire uwibwira ko hari ibanga rimenetse, kuko abari baciye akenge muri za mirongo irindwi bazi ko ibi byose byanyuze kuri radiyo Rwanda, no mu mbere bikaganirwa.

Abantu rero bakomeje kwijujuta mu gihugu no hanze y’u Rwanda, bigeze aho Habyarimana yemera ko imanza zicibwa. Major Lizinde Theoneste wategekaga iperereza icyo gihe ibyaha byaramufashe, nawe ntiyabihakana. Lizinde yarakatiwe, afungwa burundu ya kabiri kuko yari amaze gukatirwa indi burundu yo kunanirwa guhirika ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Ku byerekeranye n’ubutabera byo, imiryango y’abishwe isa n’aho itemeye uko imanza zakaswe, kuko bikomeye kwemeza ko Lizinde yabikoze wenyine akurikiye inyungu ze bwite. N’abandi banyarwanda benshi ni uko babibonye, ariko baranuma ngo bucye kabiri.

Ikintu kigaragara cyavuye muri izo manza, ni uko ubutegetsi bwariho bwatanze indishyi z’akababaro ku miryango yose y’abantu bishwe. Bivugwa ko buri muryango wabonye amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni imwe (1 000 000FRW), akaba yari amadolari y’amanyamerika asaga ibihumbi cumi na bibiri by’icyo gihe (12 000 USD). Ikintu kitasobanuwe ni impamvu z’ariya mafaranga kuko urukiko rwakatiye Lizinde rutategetse ubutegetsi kuyatanga.

Ntabwo tuzi uwazanye kiriya gitekerezo, uwashyizeho umubare, n’uwateguye uko azashyikirizwa abo yagenewe kuko bitabereye mu ruhame. Byaba byiza ababizi neza basobanuriye abanyarwanda bose imigambi y’ubutegetsi, n’amagambo yakoreshejwe mu kuyatanga n’aho yaba ataranditswe, ukuri kwabyo kukajya mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Ntituzi niba mu rwiherero barimo hari uwo babwiye bati mutubabarire twarabacumuriye kuko Lizinde yari umukozi w’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Nta buryo dufite bwo gubisubiza inyuma ibyo yakoze kuko tubishoboye twabikora, ariko iyi bahasha tubahaye irimo impozamarira zituvuye ku mutima. Ubutegetsi bwacu ntabwo buzongera gukora ibintu nka biriya kuko atari byiza.

Iyo biriya bikorwa rwihishwa nabwo byari kuba ari byiza, ariko ntabwo byari kuvanaho ingorane zo mu rwego rwa politike iyicwa rya bariya bategetsi ryateje. Muri make, Habyarimana wafashe ubutegetsi muri coup d’etat ntiyigeze yemera ko yari azi ko bariya bantu bari kugenda bicwa, kuko batishwe mu munsi umwe. Ariko kandi iyo yemera ko yabimenye ntagire icyo abikoraho, yari kugomba kwisobanura imbere y’abanyarwanda bose n’ibindi bihugu by’inshuti, bikaba bitari kumworohera kuko ari we ririya yicwa ryagize icyo ryungura. Niyo mpamvu twibwira ko yahisemo kwifata nk’aho ryabaye mw’ibanga ritamugezeho.

None ko ubwicanyi bwemewe, imanza zigakatwa, hagatangwa indishyi z’akababaro, ndetse na ba nyirubwite aribo Habyarimana na Lizinde bakaba bamaze imyaka myinshi bapfuye, ni kuki biriya bibazo bitashize mu mibanire y’abakiga n’abanyenduga kugeza magingo aya? Impamvu igaragara ni uko ruriya rugomo rwarimo gutatira ubucuti, ba nyirabayazana bakirengagiza ko nta bibazo mu bantu byikemura cyangwa se ngo bipfe kwibagirana.

Birangira gusa iyo hagize abantu biyemeza guhaguruka bagakora ibishoboka byose kugirango ibintu bisubire mu murongo. Naho ubundi bihinduka inzigo bikaba akarande mu miryango, mu bwoko, cyangwa se mu turere, bigahabwa intebe mu burere bw’abana bari gukura. Iyo Habyarimana agira ubutwari buhagije, agatinyuka gutumira imiryango y’abishwe akabaka imbabazi biherereye, ntabwo dushidikanya ko batari kuzimuha, kuko abategetsi 50 bo mu karere kamwe ari benshi cyane.

Icyo twakwemeza ni uko imitima n’imitekerereze yabo byari guhinduka mu buryo bwiza, kuko tuzi neza ko ari abantu bafite imitima y’abantu. Bimwe mu magambo mabi yavuzwe, n’ihinduka twabonye mu mibanire yabo n’abakiga nabyo ntabwo byari kugera aho byageze. Dore icyatumye abanyenduga bababara cyane: Kayibanda yari afite inshuti nyinshi mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Abanyenduga basuranaga n’abakiga (soma ubusobanuro bw’ayo magambo hepfo*), barashyingiranye, barabyaranye n’abana.

Icyababaje abanyenduga rero, ni uko benshi muri abo bakiga b’inshuti zabo bafashe imyanya ihanitse mu butegetsi bushya, ariko ntibashyire ikirenge hasi ngo babwire Lizinde na Habyarimana bati nibyo ubutegetsi twarabufashe kandi dushaka kubugumana, ariko nimushake ukundi mubigeraho mutishe inshuti n’imiryango byacu.

Abanyenduga bizeraga ko iyo izo nshuti zabo ziza kubikora Habyarimana atari gutinyuka kureka abantu bose bishwe bapfa, dore ko ngo yari yarabyaye mu batisimu umwe mu bana ba Kayibanda, kandi ko ngo na Kayibanda ubwe yamukundaga. Ni ukuvuga rero ko na Habyarimana yari inshuti abanyenduga bari bizeye, batakekaga ko ibyababayeho byari gushoboka ariwe utegeka igihugu.

Muri make rero, gukemura ibibazo byarirengagijwe, ba bana bavutse mu bucuti bw’abakiga n’abanyenduga bamwe bagahindurwa imfubyi barakuze, ubu ni abagore n’abagabo bujukuruje. Benshi muri ba bandi bakoze amahano, ababyeyi bagizwe abapfakazi, ndetse na za nshuti zatereye agati mu ryinyo bamaze kwitaba Imana. Kuba biriya bibazo bikiriho rero, ni uko nta bantu bahagurukiye kubikemura babishyizeho umwete, none bikaba bisa n’ibyamaze kugera ku rwego rw’uruhererekane mu burezi bw’abana. Niyo mpamvu tugomba guhaguruka twese tugashaka ibisubizo by’ibi bibazo niba dushaka ko abakiga n’abanyenduga bazabana neza mu Rwanda ruzaza. Nta gihe cya Rukokoma tugifite, kandi hari benshi batigeze bayitegaho byinshi.

*Mbere y’uko dukomeza, reka dusobanure aho ijambo “Abakiga” n’ ijambo “Abanyenduga” byaturutse mu byerekeranye n’ibibazo byo ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana, kuko hari bamwe batabizi. Kera u Rwanda rutarigenga hariho uturere twinshi, buri karere kagategekwa n’umutware. Nyuma y’ubwigenge uturere twabumbiwe muri za Prefegitura. Hariho akarere k’Urukiga mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, hakabaho n’akarere ka Nduga mu majyepfo. Hari Abatutsi b’abakiga n’abatutsi b’abanyenduga, ariko ntabwo babarwa mu bibazo byo ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana mbere y’1990, kuko nta ruhare rugaragara bari babifitemo.

Ubundi “Abakiga” nyabo ni abantu bari biganje mu karere k’Urukiga muri prefegitura ya Byumba, ukambuka ujya i Buganda aho bashobora kuba ari benshi kurenza mu Rwanda. Amateka amwe avuga ko ari abimukira bakomoka muri Kigali ya ruguru, kandi se wa Habyarimana akaba yaravutse mu bakiga b’i Bugande mbere y’uko yimukira ku Gisenyi aho Habyarimana yavukiye. Naho ubundi nta mwami uzwi abakiga bigeze bagira ngo yamamare kurenza uko Habyarimana yabigezeho. Icyo amateka abavugaho ni uko baserereje abami b’u Rwanda igihe kirerekire. Umugabo “Basebya” yari umutware wabo wigomekaga ku mwami, akaba yarishwe n’abadage aho bagereye mu Rwanda bagategeka abakiga gutuza bakayoboka umwami ku ngufu. Ikindi kizwi ni uko ubwoko bw’Abungura ari bwo bwari bukomeye mu moko y’Abakiga. Habyarimana ubwe bivugwa ko yari umwungura.

Nduga yo yari igihugu kinini cyane cyatsinzwe n’umwami w’u Rwanda nticyongera kubyutsa umutwe. Uko bizwi, prefegitura yose ya Gitarama n’uturere tumwe tuyegereye byari mu Nduga, kandi ubwoko bw’Ababanda nibwo bwategekaga. Abami b’i Nduga bari batuye i Nyanza ya Nyabisindu, Mashira akaba ariwe twumva cyane kubera umukobwa w’igishongore yari afite witwaga Bwiza.

Murabona rero ko kwita abantu bose bo mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda abakiga kwari ugutambikira cyane, kuko abakiga nyabo biganje muri prefegitura ya Byumba n’i Bugande, hakaba bake mu Ruhengeri, nta na busa ku Gisenyi. Ruhengeri na Gisenyi zituwe n’andi moko menshi akomeye, ariko bisa n’aho nta ruhare bayahaye mu mvugo zo ku ngoma ya Habyarimana.

Aho wenda byumvikanira ni uko abanyenduga babivuze ku ngoma ya Habyarimana bashakaga kwerekana uduce tw’u Rwanda turi kw’ibere, biborohera ari uko bakubiye amajyaruguru yose y’u Rwanda mu bwoko bumwe bw’abakiga, aribwo bwa Habyarimana. Uko iminsi yagiye yicuma abantu barabimenyereye barabyemera, ndetse abakiga benshi batari bo barabirisha……..

Dr. Seth Naza
July 2015
Atlanta, Georgia
USA
Email: SethBLaw@outlook.com

JK : Iyi nyandiko ntabwo nyitangaje kuri uru rubuga rwanjye kubera ko nemera ijana kw’ijana ibiyanditsemo ; ahubwo nuko nemera ko ibyinshi biyikubiyemo bishobora gufasha abanyarwanda gukora umusingi uhamye bakubakiraho igihugu buli wese yiyumvamo kizira urwikekwe rushingiye kumoko no kuturere.
Nkaba mbona uwayanditse, ari umuganda ukomeye ahaye abanyarwanda cyane cyane abiyumvamo ubushake n’ubushobozi bwo kuzayobora abandi. Nkaba nasaba buli wese, gufata umwanya uhagije agasoma iyi nyandiko yose hasi aha.

Musome inyandiko yose : Ibibazo by’Abakiga n’Abanyenduga